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What is Problem Solving?.
Quality Glossary Definition: Problem solving
Problem solving is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution.
- The problem-solving process
- Problem solving resources
Problem Solving Chart
The Problem-Solving Process
In order to effectively manage and run a successful organization, leadership must guide their employees and develop problem-solving techniques. Finding a suitable solution for issues can be accomplished by following the basic four-step problem-solving process and methodology outlined below.
1. Define the problem
Diagnose the situation so that your focus is on the problem, not just its symptoms. Helpful problem-solving techniques include using flowcharts to identify the expected steps of a process and cause-and-effect diagrams to define and analyze root causes .
The sections below help explain key problem-solving steps. These steps support the involvement of interested parties, the use of factual information, comparison of expectations to reality, and a focus on root causes of a problem. You should begin by:
- Reviewing and documenting how processes currently work (i.e., who does what, with what information, using what tools, communicating with what organizations and individuals, in what time frame, using what format).
- Evaluating the possible impact of new tools and revised policies in the development of your "what should be" model.
2. Generate alternative solutions
Postpone the selection of one solution until several problem-solving alternatives have been proposed. Considering multiple alternatives can significantly enhance the value of your ideal solution. Once you have decided on the "what should be" model, this target standard becomes the basis for developing a road map for investigating alternatives. Brainstorming and team problem-solving techniques are both useful tools in this stage of problem solving.
Many alternative solutions to the problem should be generated before final evaluation. A common mistake in problem solving is that alternatives are evaluated as they are proposed, so the first acceptable solution is chosen, even if it’s not the best fit. If we focus on trying to get the results we want, we miss the potential for learning something new that will allow for real improvement in the problem-solving process.
3. Evaluate and select an alternative
Skilled problem solvers use a series of considerations when selecting the best alternative. They consider the extent to which:
- A particular alternative will solve the problem without causing other unanticipated problems.
- All the individuals involved will accept the alternative.
- Implementation of the alternative is likely.
- The alternative fits within the organizational constraints.
4. Implement and follow up on the solution
Leaders may be called upon to direct others to implement the solution, "sell" the solution, or facilitate the implementation with the help of others. Involving others in the implementation is an effective way to gain buy-in and support and minimize resistance to subsequent changes.
Regardless of how the solution is rolled out, feedback channels should be built into the implementation. This allows for continuous monitoring and testing of actual events against expectations. Problem solving, and the techniques used to gain clarity, are most effective if the solution remains in place and is updated to respond to future changes.
You can also search articles , case studies , and publications for problem solving resources.
Innovative Business Management Using TRIZ
Introduction To 8D Problem Solving: Including Practical Applications and Examples
The Quality Toolbox
Root Cause Analysis: The Core of Problem Solving and Corrective Action
One Good Idea: Some Sage Advice ( Quality Progress ) The person with the problem just wants it to go away quickly, and the problem-solvers also want to resolve it in as little time as possible because they have other responsibilities. Whatever the urgency, effective problem-solvers have the self-discipline to develop a complete description of the problem.
Diagnostic Quality Problem Solving: A Conceptual Framework And Six Strategies ( Quality Management Journal ) This paper contributes a conceptual framework for the generic process of diagnosis in quality problem solving by identifying its activities and how they are related.
Weathering The Storm ( Quality Progress ) Even in the most contentious circumstances, this approach describes how to sustain customer-supplier relationships during high-stakes problem solving situations to actually enhance customer-supplier relationships.
The Right Questions ( Quality Progress ) All problem solving begins with a problem description. Make the most of problem solving by asking effective questions.
Solving the Problem ( Quality Progress ) Brush up on your problem-solving skills and address the primary issues with these seven methods.
Refreshing Louisville Metro’s Problem-Solving System ( Journal for Quality and Participation ) Organization-wide transformation can be tricky, especially when it comes to sustaining any progress made over time. In Louisville Metro, a government organization based in Kentucky, many strategies were used to enact and sustain meaningful transformation.
Certification
Quality Improvement Associate Certification--CQIA
Certified Quality Improvement Associate Question Bank
Lean Problem-Solving Tools
Problem Solving Using A3
NEW Root Cause Analysis E-Learning
Quality 101
Making the Connection In this exclusive QP webcast, Jack ReVelle, ASQ Fellow and author, shares how quality tools can be combined to create a powerful problem-solving force.
Adapted from The Executive Guide to Improvement and Change , ASQ Quality Press.
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Problem solving
Regular task for project managers.
Problem solving is a basic task for the project management . It is a process for developing and applying a solution for the occurred problems. The probability of the success rises, if a particular method is implemented to the project work. The problem solving can be described in the following steps. First of all it is necessary to determine the actual status or problem definition. The next step is the applying of the solution process. And the last step is the achievement of the wanted actual status.
First, a clear picture of the situation to be changed is necessary. It should be thereby clearly defined, which objective should be achieved. And the question is: “Why this project is to be performed; which objective it serves?” The initial situation, objects, purpose and scenario of the project are to be analyzed to answer this question and to define therefore the project. The initial situation illustrates the project situation. The project purpose places the project in the subordinated context. The object description enables project measurability and transparency of the target tracking. The scenario or project structure plan divides the whole project into work packages to effectively accomplish project objects.
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What Is Problem Solving?
You will often see beach clean-up drives being publicized in coastal cities. There are already dustbins available on the beaches,…
You will often see beach clean-up drives being publicized in coastal cities. There are already dustbins available on the beaches, so why do people need to organize these drives? It’s evident that despite advertising and posting anti-littering messages, some of us don’t follow the rules.
Temporary food stalls and shops make it even more difficult to keep the beaches clean. Since people can’t ask the shopkeepers to relocate or prevent every single person from littering, the clean-up drive is needed. This is an ideal example of problem-solving psychology in humans. So, what is problem-solving? Let’s find out.
What Is Problem-Solving?
At its simplest, the meaning of problem-solving is the process of defining a problem, determining its cause, and implementing a solution. The definition of problem-solving is rooted in the fact that as humans, we exert control over our environment through solutions. We move forward in life when we solve problems and make decisions.
We can better define the problem-solving process through a series of important steps.
Identify The Problem:
This step isn’t as simple as it sounds. Most times, we mistakenly identify the consequences of a problem rather than the problem itself. It’s important that we’re careful to identify the actual problem and not just its symptoms.
Define The Problem:
Once the problem has been identified correctly, you should define it. This step can help clarify what needs to be addressed and for what purpose.
Form A Strategy:
Develop a strategy to solve your problem. Defining an approach will provide direction and clarity on the next steps.
Organize The Information:
Organizing information systematically will help you determine whether something is missing. The more information you have, the easier it’ll become for you to arrive at a solution.
Allocate Resources:
We may not always be armed with the necessary resources to solve a problem. Before you commit to implementing a solution for a problem, you should determine the availability of different resources—money, time and other costs.
Track Progress:
The true meaning of problem-solving is to work towards an objective. If you measure your progress, you can evaluate whether you’re on track. You could revise your strategies if you don’t notice the desired level of progress.
Evaluate The Results:
After you spot a solution, evaluate the results to determine whether it’s the best possible solution. For example, you can evaluate the success of a fitness routine after several weeks of exercise.
Meaning Of Problem-Solving Skill
Now that we’ve established the definition of problem-solving psychology in humans, let’s look at how we utilize our problem-solving skills. These skills help you determine the source of a problem and how to effectively determine the solution. Problem-solving skills aren’t innate and can be mastered over time. Here are some important skills that are beneficial for finding solutions.
Communication
Communication is a critical skill when you have to work in teams. If you and your colleagues have to work on a project together, you’ll have to collaborate with each other. In case of differences of opinion, you should be able to listen attentively and respond respectfully in order to successfully arrive at a solution.
As a problem-solver, you need to be able to research and identify underlying causes. You should never treat a problem lightly. In-depth study is imperative because often people identify only the symptoms and not the actual problem.
Once you have researched and identified the factors causing a problem, start working towards developing solutions. Your analytical skills can help you differentiate between effective and ineffective solutions.
Decision-Making
You’ll have to make a decision after you’ve identified the source and methods of solving a problem. If you’ve done your research and applied your analytical skills effectively, it’ll become easier for you to take a call or a decision.
Organizations really value decisive problem-solvers. Harappa Education’s Defining Problems course will guide you on the path to developing a problem-solving mindset. Learn how to identify the different types of problems using the Types of Problems framework. Additionally, the SMART framework, which is a five-point tool, will teach you to create specific and actionable objectives to address problem statements and arrive at solutions.
Explore topics & skills such as Problem Solving Skills , PICK Chart , How to Solve Problems & Barriers to Problem Solving from our Harappa Diaries blog section and develop your skills.
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Problem solving is the art of identifying problems and implementing the best possible solutions. Revisiting your problem-solving skills may be the missing piece to leveraging the performance of your business, achieving Lean success, or unlocking your professional potential.
Ask any colleague if they’re an effective problem-solver and their likely answer will be, “Of course! I solve problems every day.”
Problem solving is part of most job descriptions, sure. But not everyone can do it consistently.
The Problem-Solving Process
There’s no one-size-fits-all problem-solving process. Often, it’s a unique methodology that aligns your short- and long-term objectives with the resources at your disposal. Nonetheless, many paradigms center problem solving as a pathway for achieving one’s goals faster and smarter.
One example is the Six Sigma framework , which emphasizes eliminating errors and refining the customer experience, thereby improving business outcomes. Developed originally by Motorola, the Six Sigma process identifies problems from the perspective of customer satisfaction and improving product delivery.
Lean management, a similar method, is about streamlining company processes over time so they become “leaner” while producing better outcomes.
Trendy business management lingo aside, both of these frameworks teach us that investing in your problem solving process for personal and professional arenas will bring better productivity.
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How to Solve Problems: 5 Steps
1. precisely identify problems.
As obvious as it seems, identifying the problem is the first step in the problem-solving process. Pinpointing a problem at the beginning of the process will guide your research, collaboration, and solutions in the right direction.
At this stage, your task is to identify the scope and substance of the problem. Ask yourself a series of questions:
- What’s the problem?
- How many subsets of issues are underneath this problem?
- What subject areas, departments of work, or functions of business can best define this problem?
Although some problems are naturally large in scope, precision is key. Write out the problems as statements in planning sheets . Should information or feedback during a later step alter the scope of your problem, revise the statements.
Framing the problem at this stage will help you stay focused if distractions come up in later stages. Furthermore, how you frame a problem will aid your search for a solution. A strategy of building Lean success, for instance, will emphasize identifying and improving upon inefficient systems.
2. Collect Information and Plan
The second step is to collect information and plan the brainstorming process. This is another foundational step to road mapping your problem-solving process. Data, after all, is useful in identifying the scope and substance of your problems.
Collecting information on the exact details of the problem, however, is done to narrow the brainstorming portion to help you evaluate the outcomes later. Don’t overwhelm yourself with unnecessary information — use the problem statements that you identified in step one as a north star in your research process.
This stage should also include some planning. Ask yourself:
- What parties will ultimately decide a solution?
- Whose voices and ideas should be heard in the brainstorming process?
- What resources are at your disposal for implementing a solution?
Establish a plan and timeline for steps 3-5.
3. Brainstorm Solutions
Brainstorming solutions is the bread and butter of the problem-solving process. At this stage, focus on generating creative ideas. As long as the solution directly addresses the problem statements and achieves your goals, don’t immediately rule it out.
Moreover, solutions are rarely a one-step answer and are more like a roadmap with a set of actions. As you brainstorm ideas, map out these solutions visually and include any relevant factors such as costs involved, action steps, and involved parties.
With Lean success in mind, stay focused on solutions that minimize waste and improve the flow of business ecosystems.
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4. Decide and Implement
The most critical stage is selecting a solution. Easier said than done. Consider the criteria that has arisen in previous steps as you decide on a solution that meets your needs.
Once you select a course of action, implement it.
Practicing due diligence in earlier stages of the process will ensure that your chosen course of action has been evaluated from all angles. Often, efficient implementation requires us to act correctly and successfully the first time, rather than being hurried and sloppy. Further compilations will create more problems, bringing you back to step 1.
5. Evaluate
Exercise humility and evaluate your solution honestly. Did you achieve the results you hoped for? What would you do differently next time?
As some experts note, formulating feedback channels into your evaluation helps solidify future success. A framework like Lean success, for example, will use certain key performance indicators (KPIs) like quality, delivery success, reducing errors, and more. Establish metrics aligned with company goals to assess your solutions.
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Problem solving: a Project Manager skill
Problem solving is a project manager skill that facilitates effective problem solving by combining creative thinking and strong analytical skills.
Problem-solving techniques: a 5-step approach
Problem solving step 1: problem definition, problem solving step 2: cause determination, problem solving step 3: ideas generation, problem solving step 4: best solution selection, problem solving step 5: act, problem solving: creativity, problem solving: communication, problem solving: willpower.
This is a skill that provides the capability to bring a different perspective to problems, helping to design and implement effective solutions.
It’s easy to realize how in problem solving the identification of simple solutions to big problems can provide benefits to the project and the company, but there are not always successful Project Managers capable of finding them.
In this article we will try to give a hand to the less creative and more accustomed to patterns minds by suggesting some techniques that if properly implemented can be extremely beneficial.
Let’s start from the premise that some problems are small and can be solved quickly, while others may involve considerable time and effort.
Regardless of whether the problem you’re focusing on is small or large, using a systemic approach to solving it will certainly help you be a more effective project manager .
Here are what are the five problem solving step s that you can use for most problems.
The most important step in problem solving is to properly define the problem.
How you define the problem will determine how you will attempt to solve it.
For example, if you get a complaint regarding one of your project team members from a client, the solutions you will assess will be different based on how you define the problem.
If you choose a poor performance approach for the team member, different solutions will unfold as opposed to an approach where you give little consideration to what the client said.
After you have defined the issue, you can proceed to dig deeper and begin to determine what is causing it.
This level of analysis is important to ensure that solutions address the actual causes of the problem rather than the symptoms of the problem.
If the solution solves a symptom instead of an actual cause, in fact, the problem is likely to reoccur because it was never truly solved.
After the hard work of defining the problem and determining its causes is complete, then it is time to get creative and develop possible solutions to the problem.
Two great problem solving methods that you can use to come up with solutions are brainstorming and mind mapping.
After figuring up with several ideas that could solve the problem, one way to decide which is the best solution is a simple trade-off analysis .
We can find this analysis when performing a project feasibility study as well.
To carry out the trade-off analysis, you must first define the critical criteria for the problem that you can use to evaluate the comparison between each solution.
After having established the solution to be implemented, it’s time to take action.
If the solution requires several actions or necessitates an effort by others, it’s a good idea to make a plan and treat it as a mini-project.
Yet, problem solving as a project manager’s skill is not just limited to this tangible process for solving problems.
Let’s see what other skills are key to problem solving.
This is not just something related to artists.
Creativity is about being able to simply come up with a unique solution and thinking “outside of the box”.
This means not responding to problems with a knee-jerk reaction or a safe solution that might lead to poor results.
What creativity requires is being able to actually take a look at a problem from multiple perspectives, not just the typical one.
Stepping out of your comfort zone, thinking outside the box , going beyond. This is what creativity in problem solving is all about.
Solutions to serious problems may in fact not be found within standard processes.
Like with almost everything, nothing can be achieved without the communication skills to provide the solution to those who must solve it.
Even simple ideas are often muddied by poor rhetoric, let alone failed attempts to convey complex ones and solve problems.
And we’re not just referring to being able to clearly impart orders; it’s also important to know the right channel to deliver your message.
That message needs to reach the right people, in the right way, and get to them as quickly as possible.
Finding a solution to a problem is just one link in a larger chain.
If that solution isn’t delivered to the parties that need it to fix the problem in order for the project to move forward, then it’s all in vain.
Not all people are born great communicators, but there are ways to learn how to better communicate, especially with team members .
It takes empathy and active listening to develop trust and loyalty and without this connection, no matter how explicitly you communicate a message, it will be misinterpreted or even ignored.
All of the above may be quite fascinating, but if the project manager is not committed to their work and to improving themselves in problem solving, everything is pointless.
There are exercises you can do to master problem solving skills that help you respond better to problems and solve them quickly.
For example, there are logical reasoning tests that help you clearly organize your thoughts, analyze them, and quickly choose the best course of action.
However, all this takes willpower; the project manager must be aware of what they are doing and must want to do it.
Only in this way will it be possible to develop the best problem solving skills .
When presented with a problem, some project managers may be inclined to procrastinate or avoid the problem altogether.
However, avoiding problems is a short-term solution. It is problem solving that keeps things moving forward.
Therefore, the faster and more effectively you can solve a problem, the faster you can get the job done and successfully complete a project.
Keep up with the times.
Related posts.
A Short Guide to Problem Solving in Project Management (Expert Tips)
One of the foremost skills that makes you a great project manager is problem-solving. When you are managing your projects, problems are inevitable. As we all have to face the same sort of situations even in our daily life. What makes the difference is knowledge and how efficiently you put in that knowledge to solve a current or impending issue.
Problem-solving is the process of observing what is going on in your environment; identifying things that could be changed or improved. kepner-tregoe
Problem-solving in project management is a strategic process. Hence, you can't achieve that skill overnight. It needs step-by-step learning, adopting a framework to do that, and obviously, maintaining some crucial considerations.
Well, in this short guide, we will show you some of the proven problem-solving methods to follow in project management. After you finish reading, you will be able to understand what are the most essential things you must do, and initiate a roadmap to become an efficient problem solver.
Importance of Problem Solving in Project Management
There are many reasons that you must learn the skill of problem-solving in project management. Before you get on with the top techniques or best practices, let's go through some of the key points that make problem-solving in project management a serious business.
Fixing Broken Things in the Process
Problem-solving demands a unique mentality. When you have that in mind, you can easily look after your projects with more intensity. Doing business and managing projects is a simultaneous thing. A well-developed problem-solving structure helps you to point out things that are broken, need improvement, or an update.
Sort Out the Risks
Identifying risks is crucial to your projects. The problem-solving framework helps you to understand the current state of your business. With sufficient data, you can easily sort out the risks that can be handled with proper resources.
Improving performance
Your projects and the employees are integral, they complement each other to reach a single goal – success and development. So, when you are all up to looking for a reliable solution to your problems, it also makes a good impact on your employees. Eventually, that leads to improving your overall performance.
Looking for Opportunities
The more you keep solving problems, you see the newest crack, broken things, and things that need an update. With the same process, you can learn to see the big picture, understand the nature of the big picture, and become capable to convey it as a project manager . Hence, you can sort out the risks and opportunities and the same time.
If you want to manage all your project activities right from your WordPress dashboard check this article on The Beginner’s Guide To WordPress Project Management .
5 Steps to Problem Solving in Project Management You Should Follow
As you already know, problem-solving skills demand a framework. As a project manager, you must streamline the most fitting methods following your expertise and resources. Below, we have sorted a handful of the most proven techniques that can make you a smart professional for problem-solving in project management. Take a look at them one by one –
1. Defining the Problem is Your First Priority
The way you look at a problem, your employees won't. Because, when they see a problem, they want you to solve it for them, as you are the project manager. So, it's important for you to define the problem in the first place. For example, your team is continuously missing deadlines, so it's an issue from their end. To get to a viable solution, you must understand why your team is doing the same mistakes.
Understanding the nature of a problem is possible when you know why something is happening to your project, why things keep getting in trouble. To figure it out, you can follow the 5W1H approach.
It means asking these six questions to define a problem in project management –
- Who does the problem affect?
- What are the symptoms of the problem?
- Where does/ wherein the project did it happen?
- When does it happen?
- Why does the problem take place?
- How does it happen?
So, asking this question would definitely help you to define your problem when you want to solve it in a smart and impeccable way.
Read more: How to Improve Team Productivity Using WP Project Manager .
2. Find Out the Reasons Behind the Problem
After you understand the nature of a problem, the next necessary step is to find out the reasons behind it and analyze them to the core. It is similar to finding the gap in your workflow and filling them one after another to reach a suitable solution. Therefore, finding reasons won't be hard if you follow a strategic approach.
For example, you can use a Fishbone diagram. It is a famous and useful process to find out the reasons for a problem. Well, what is a Fishbone diagram? Japanese organizational theorist Kaoru Ishikawa created it that is used to categorize the core reasons for a problem in a visual form.
Look above the picture. Suppose, the problem is your website is down. A Fishbone diagram will help you to note down the possible reasons that can cause your website to fall. By maintaining such a visual demonstration , you can get better and effective regarding your problem-solving in project management.
Here are some unavoidable things – the reasons you note down, they ought to be real. From a lot of possible reasons, your job is to understand the real reasons. It is possible if you go for deep analysis. Hence, to do this, Root Cause Analysis (RCA) would be helpful.
3. Generating Ideas for Solutions
Now that you know which problem you need to solve, and what are the causes, you can go for generating ideas for the right solutions. It is a gradual step of problem-solving in project management. So, in this step, you have more liberty to become creative. The goal of this step is to find out a set of solutions. You need a reserve of solutions or alternative solutions evidently. They help you to reduce your risks. If one solution fails, you may go for an alternative approach.
Hence, you need to do a lot of mind work, research and gather ways to possible solutions. The two best ways of generating ideas are – brainstorming and mind mapping.
Mindtools explains that creative problem-solving works in four steps. They are – clarify, ideate, develop, implement.
The clarification stage makes you explore again your vision of the project and the nature of the problems. Then it guides to gathering necessary data and formulate questions. The following steps are all about expanding the framework with all of your understanding, data, resources, and goal to explore ideas, formulate solutions, and create a plan for implementation.
4. Select the Most Fitting Solution
It's not easy to select the right color when your wardrobe is full of similar clothing. But when you are determined, know the etiquette and dress code of that particular program, your fashion sense lets you choose the color that is most fitting. The same thing always occurs while you are managing any projects and up to solve something.
After you have generated a lot of ideas and formulated a bunch of different solutions, hesitation is inevitable. So as a project manager, your problem-solving skill demands that you select the most useful and easiest way to sort out your trouble.
Well, the best ways to do that is to measure all the solutions, compare them with each other, and consider the following facts –
- Your expectation and priorities
- Evaluate all the solutions and measure them
- Consider your resources
- Go for the simplest one in the first place
However, you should never stop asking questions. Ask yourself, inspire your pupils working on the project to ask questions. The more question arise, the solution would be more effective and flawless.
5. Taking Action to Solve Your Problems
When you know what is your problem, and which solution you must implement, start right over. It's time to take an action. Implementing a solution is the final step. But you must come through all the earlier steps to reach that level. It's an established framework to increase your skill as a problem solver.
Read More: 6 Interesting Project Management Ideas To Follow in 2022 .
How a Project Management Tool Can Help You in Problem-solving
In an age of automation, project management becomes easier because of tools that help you create an online database of your employees, clients, accounts, and overall projects, etc. A PM automation software lets you keep track of every process live, and ease your effort to make better decisions.
For example, if you have a PM automation tool like WP Project Manager , you're problem-solving in project management would be more viable and simple. Here's how –
- It ensures the best use of your resources and planning
- Robustly organize and track your projects and tasks
- Advanced management tool to make your tracking more efficient
- The tool will intensify your collborative effort
- Generate report so that you can see how your projects going on and what are your lackings
Overall, WP Project Manager has all the features that can make your workflow streamlined. When you see live updates and activities of your projects dashboard (including Kanban board, Gantt Chart, Task list, Calendar, etc), you can easily follow all the problem-solving steps with more efficiency. The job would be easier, nonetheless.
Closing Up for Problem Solving in Project Managemet
Most problems are small in the beginning. As a resourceful project manager, your job is to solve them as soon as possible. The more you delay, the bigger the problem would grow. A ship often has many little glitches in the engine or cracks when it is on a long voyage. The smart captain is always in the loop to fix them simultaneously. As a project manager, your job is nothing less than that.
A strategic problem solving framework will help you to cope with that loop, and a perfect project management automation tool lets you solve your problems faster (don't forget to add up flexibility, affordability, time management, and smartness).
So, here's our final words – keep innovating the newest ways to solve problems in your projects, and don't let your problem grow bigger than you.
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Table of Contents
Problem Solving
Foundations course, introduction.
Before we start digging into some pretty nifty JavaScript, we need to begin talking about problem solving : the most important skill a developer needs.
Problem solving is the core thing software developers do. The programming languages and tools they use are secondary to this fundamental skill.
V. Anton Spraul defines problem solving in programming as:
Problem solving is writing an original program that performs a particular set of tasks and meets all stated constraints. - Think Like a Programmer
The set of tasks can range from solving small coding exercises all the way up to building a social network site like Facebook or a search engine like Google. Each problem has its own set of constraints, for example, high performance and scalability may not matter too much in a coding exercise but it will be vital in apps like Google that need to service billions of search queries each day.
New programmers often find problem solving the hardest skill to build. It’s not uncommon for budding programmers to breeze through learning syntax and programming concepts, yet when trying to code something on their own, they find themselves staring blankly at their text editor not knowing where to start.
The best way to improve your problem solving ability is by building experience by making lots and lots of programs. The more practice you have the better you’ll be prepared to solve real world problems.
In this lesson we will walk through a few techniques that can be used to help with the problem solving process.
Lesson Overview
This section contains a general overview of topics that you will learn in this lesson.
- Explain the three steps in the problem solving process.
- Explain what pseudocode is and be able to use it to solve problems.
- Be able to break a problem down into subproblems.
Understand the Problem
The first step to solving a problem is understanding exactly what the problem is. If you don’t understand the problem, you won’t know when you’ve successfully solved it and may waste a lot of time on a wrong solution .
To gain clarity and understanding of the problem, write it down on paper, reword it in plain English until it makes sense to you, and draw diagrams if that helps. When you can explain the problem to someone else in plain English, you understand it.
Now that you know what you’re aiming to solve, don’t jump into coding just yet. It’s time to plan out how you’re going to solve it first. Some of the questions you should answer at this stage of the process:
- Does your program have a user interface? What will it look like? What functionality will the interface have? Sketch this out on paper.
- What inputs will your program have? Will the user enter data or will you get input from somewhere else?
- What’s the desired output?
- Given your inputs, what are the steps necessary to return the desired output?
The last question is where you will write out an algorithm to solve the problem. You can think of an algorithm as a recipe for solving a particular problem. It defines the steps that need to be taken by the computer to solve a problem in pseudocode.
Pseudocode is writing out the logic for your program in natural language instead of code. It helps you slow down and think through the steps your program will have to go through to solve the problem.
Here’s an example of what the pseudocode for a simple program that prints all numbers up to an inputted number might look like:
This is a very simple program to demonstrate how pseudocode looks. There will be more examples of pseudocode included in the assignments.
Divide and Conquer
From your planning, you should have identified some subproblems of the big problem you’re solving. Each of the steps in the algorithm we wrote out in the last section are subproblems. Pick the smallest or simplest one and start there with coding.
It’s important to remember that you might not know all the steps that you might need up front, so your algorithm may be incomplete -— this is fine. Getting started with and solving one of the subproblems you have identified in the planning stage often reveals the next subproblem you can work on. Or, if you already know the next subproblem, it’s often simpler with the first subproblem solved.
Many beginners try to solve the big problem in one go. Don’t do this . If the problem is sufficiently complex, you’ll get yourself tied in knots and make life a lot harder for yourself. Decomposing problems into smaller and easier to solve subproblems is a much better approach. Decomposition is the main way to deal with complexity, making problems easier and more approachable to solve and understand.
In short, break the big problem down and solve each of the smaller problems until you’ve solved the big problem.
Solving Fizz Buzz
To demonstrate this workflow in action, let’s solve a common programming exercise: FizzBuzz .
Understanding The Problem
Write a program that takes a user’s input and prints the numbers from one to the number the user entered. However, for multiples of three print Fizz instead of the number and for the multiples of five print Buzz . For numbers which are multiples of both three and five print FizzBuzz .
This is the big picture problem we will be solving. It’s pretty simple so we may not need to reword it. But we can always make it clearer by rewording it.
Write a program that allows the user to enter a number, print each number between one and the number the user entered, but for numbers that divide by 3 without a remainder print Fizz instead. For numbers that divide by 5 without a remainder print Buzz and finally for numbers that divide by both 3 and 5 without a remainder print FizzBuzz .
Does your program have an interface? What will it look like? Our FizzBuzz solution will be a browser console program, so we don’t need an interface. The only user interaction will be allowing users to enter a number.
What inputs will your program have? Will the user enter data or will you get input from somewhere else? The user will enter a number from a prompt (popup box).
What’s the desired output? The desired output is a list of numbers from 1 to the number the user entered. But each number that is divisible by 3 will output Fizz , each number that is divisible by 5 will output Buzz and each number that is divisible by both 3 and 5 will output FizzBuzz .
Given your inputs, what are the steps necessary to return the desired output? The algorithm in pseudocode for this problem:
Divide and Conquer (Implement)
As we can see from the algorithm we developed, the first subproblem we can solve is getting input from the user. So let’s start there and verify it works by printing the entered number.
With JavaScript, we’ll use the “prompt” method.
The above code should create a little popup box that asks the user for a number. The input we get back will be stored in our variable answer . Note : We wrapped the prompt call in a parseInt function so that a number is returned from the user’s input.
With that done, let’s move on to the next subproblem: “Loop from 1 to the entered number”. There are many ways to do this in JavaScript. One of the common ways - that you actually see in many other languages like Java, C++, and Ruby - is with the for loop :
If you haven’t seen this before and it looks strange, it’s actually straightforward. We declare a variable i and assign it 1: the initial value of the variable i in our loop ( NOTE : Most of the time, programmers find themselves looping from 0. Due to the needs of our program, we’re starting from 1). The second clause, i <= answer is our condition. We want to loop until i is greater than answer . The third clause, i++ , tells our loop to increment i by 1 every iteration. As a result, if the user inputs 10, this loop would print numbers 1 - 10 to the console.
With that working, let’s move on to the next problem: If the current number is divisible by 3, then print Fizz .
We are using the modulus operator ( % ) here to divide the current number by three. If you recall from a previous lesson, the modulus operator returns the remainder of a division. So if a remainder of 0 is returned from the division, it means the current number is divisible by 3.
After this change the program will now output this when you run it and the user inputs 10:
The program is starting to take shape. The final few subproblems should be easy to solve as the basic structure is in place and they are just different variations of the condition we’ve already got in place. Let’s tackle the next one: If the current number is divisible by 5 then print Buzz .
When you run the program now, you should see this output if the user inputs 10:
We have one more subproblem to solve to complete the program: If the current number is divisible by 3 and 5 then print FizzBuzz .
We’ve had to move the conditionals around a little to get it to work. The first condition now checks if i is divisible by 3 and 5 instead of checking if i is just divisible by 3. We’ve had to do this because if we kept it the way it was, it would run the first condition if (i % 3 === 0) , so that if i was divisible by 3, it would print Fizz and then move on to the next number in the iteration, even if i was divisible by 5 as well.
With the condition if (i % 3 === 0 && i % 5 === 0) coming first, we check that i is divisible by both 3 and 5 before moving on to check if it is divisible by 3 or 5 individually in the else if conditions.
The program is now complete! If you run it now you should get this output when the user inputs 20:
- Read How to Think Like a Programmer - Lessons in Problem Solving by Richard Reis.
- Watch How to Begin Thinking Like a Programmer by Coding Tech. It’s an hour long but packed full of information and definitely worth your time watching.
- Read this What is Pseudocoding article from The Viking Code School.
Additional Resources
This section contains helpful links to other content. It isn’t required, so consider it supplemental.
- Read Think Like a Programmer: An Introduction to Creative Problem Solving ( not free ). This book’s examples are in C++, but you will understand everything since the main idea of the book is to teach programmers to better solve problems. It’s an amazing book and worth every penny. It will make you a better programmer.
- Watch this video on repetitive programming techniques .
Knowledge Check
This section contains questions for you to check your understanding of this lesson on your own. If you’re having trouble answering a question, click it and review the material it links to.
- What are the three stages in the problem solving process?
- Why is it important to clearly understand the problem first?
- What can you do to help get a clearer understanding of the problem?
- What are some of the things you should do in the planning stage of the problem solving process?
- What is an algorithm?
- What is pseudocode?
- What are the advantages of breaking a problem down and solving the smaller problems?
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What Is Creative Problem-Solving & Why Is It Important?
- 01 Feb 2022
One of the biggest hindrances to innovation is complacency—it can be more comfortable to do what you know than venture into the unknown. Business leaders can overcome this barrier by mobilizing creative team members and providing space to innovate.
There are several tools you can use to encourage creativity in the workplace. Creative problem-solving is one of them, which facilitates the development of innovative solutions to difficult problems.
Here’s an overview of creative problem-solving and why it’s important in business.
What Is Creative Problem-Solving?
Research is necessary when solving a problem. But there are situations where a problem’s specific cause is difficult to pinpoint. This can occur when there’s not enough time to narrow down the problem’s source or there are differing opinions about its root cause.
In such cases, you can use creative problem-solving , which allows you to explore potential solutions regardless of whether a problem has been defined.
Creative problem-solving is less structured than other innovation processes and encourages exploring open-ended solutions. It also focuses on developing new perspectives and fostering creativity in the workplace . Its benefits include:
- Finding creative solutions to complex problems : User research can insufficiently illustrate a situation’s complexity. While other innovation processes rely on this information, creative problem-solving can yield solutions without it.
- Adapting to change : Business is constantly changing, and business leaders need to adapt. Creative problem-solving helps overcome unforeseen challenges and find solutions to unconventional problems.
- Fueling innovation and growth : In addition to solutions, creative problem-solving can spark innovative ideas that drive company growth. These ideas can lead to new product lines, services, or a modified operations structure that improves efficiency.
Creative problem-solving is traditionally based on the following key principles :
1. Balance Divergent and Convergent Thinking
Creative problem-solving uses two primary tools to find solutions: divergence and convergence. Divergence generates ideas in response to a problem, while convergence narrows them down to a shortlist. It balances these two practices and turns ideas into concrete solutions.
2. Reframe Problems as Questions
By framing problems as questions, you shift from focusing on obstacles to solutions. This provides the freedom to brainstorm potential ideas.
3. Defer Judgment of Ideas
When brainstorming, it can be natural to reject or accept ideas right away. Yet, immediate judgments interfere with the idea generation process. Even ideas that seem implausible can turn into outstanding innovations upon further exploration and development.
4. Focus on "Yes, And" Instead of "No, But"
Using negative words like "no" discourages creative thinking. Instead, use positive language to build and maintain an environment that fosters the development of creative and innovative ideas.
Creative Problem-Solving and Design Thinking
Whereas creative problem-solving facilitates developing innovative ideas through a less structured workflow, design thinking takes a far more organized approach.
Design thinking is a human-centered, solutions-based process that fosters the ideation and development of solutions. In the online course Design Thinking and Innovation , Harvard Business School Dean Srikant Datar leverages a four-phase framework to explain design thinking.
The four stages are:
- Clarify: The clarification stage allows you to empathize with the user and identify problems. Observations and insights are informed by thorough research. Findings are then reframed as problem statements or questions.
- Ideate: Ideation is the process of coming up with innovative ideas. The divergence of ideas involved with creative problem-solving is a major focus.
- Develop: In the development stage, ideas evolve into experiments and tests. Ideas converge and are explored through prototyping and open critique.
- Implement: Implementation involves continuing to test and experiment to refine the solution and encourage its adoption.
Creative problem-solving primarily operates in the ideate phase of design thinking but can be applied to others. This is because design thinking is an iterative process that moves between the stages as ideas are generated and pursued. This is normal and encouraged, as innovation requires exploring multiple ideas.
Creative Problem-Solving Tools
While there are many useful tools in the creative problem-solving process, here are three you should know:
Creating a Problem Story
One way to innovate is by creating a story about a problem to understand how it affects users and what solutions best fit their needs. Here are the steps you need to take to use this tool properly.
1. Identify a UDP
Create a problem story to identify the undesired phenomena (UDP). For example, consider a company that produces printers that overheat. In this case, the UDP is "our printers overheat."
2. Move Forward in Time
To move forward in time, ask: “Why is this a problem?” For example, minor damage could be one result of the machines overheating. In more extreme cases, printers may catch fire. Don't be afraid to create multiple problem stories if you think of more than one UDP.
3. Move Backward in Time
To move backward in time, ask: “What caused this UDP?” If you can't identify the root problem, think about what typically causes the UDP to occur. For the overheating printers, overuse could be a cause.
Following the three-step framework above helps illustrate a clear problem story:
- The printer is overused.
- The printer overheats.
- The printer breaks down.
You can extend the problem story in either direction if you think of additional cause-and-effect relationships.
4. Break the Chains
By this point, you’ll have multiple UDP storylines. Take two that are similar and focus on breaking the chains connecting them. This can be accomplished through inversion or neutralization.
- Inversion: Inversion changes the relationship between two UDPs so the cause is the same but the effect is the opposite. For example, if the UDP is "the more X happens, the more likely Y is to happen," inversion changes the equation to "the more X happens, the less likely Y is to happen." Using the printer example, inversion would consider: "What if the more a printer is used, the less likely it’s going to overheat?" Innovation requires an open mind. Just because a solution initially seems unlikely doesn't mean it can't be pursued further or spark additional ideas.
- Neutralization: Neutralization completely eliminates the cause-and-effect relationship between X and Y. This changes the above equation to "the more or less X happens has no effect on Y." In the case of the printers, neutralization would rephrase the relationship to "the more or less a printer is used has no effect on whether it overheats."
Even if creating a problem story doesn't provide a solution, it can offer useful context to users’ problems and additional ideas to be explored. Given that divergence is one of the fundamental practices of creative problem-solving, it’s a good idea to incorporate it into each tool you use.
Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a tool that can be highly effective when guided by the iterative qualities of the design thinking process. It involves openly discussing and debating ideas and topics in a group setting. This facilitates idea generation and exploration as different team members consider the same concept from multiple perspectives.
Hosting brainstorming sessions can result in problems, such as groupthink or social loafing. To combat this, leverage a three-step brainstorming method involving divergence and convergence :
- Have each group member come up with as many ideas as possible and write them down to ensure the brainstorming session is productive.
- Continue the divergence of ideas by collectively sharing and exploring each idea as a group. The goal is to create a setting where new ideas are inspired by open discussion.
- Begin the convergence of ideas by narrowing them down to a few explorable options. There’s no "right number of ideas." Don't be afraid to consider exploring all of them, as long as you have the resources to do so.
Alternate Worlds
The alternate worlds tool is an empathetic approach to creative problem-solving. It encourages you to consider how someone in another world would approach your situation.
For example, if you’re concerned that the printers you produce overheat and catch fire, consider how a different industry would approach the problem. How would an automotive expert solve it? How would a firefighter?
Be creative as you consider and research alternate worlds. The purpose is not to nail down a solution right away but to continue the ideation process through diverging and exploring ideas.
Continue Developing Your Skills
Whether you’re an entrepreneur, marketer, or business leader, learning the ropes of design thinking can be an effective way to build your skills and foster creativity and innovation in any setting.
If you're ready to develop your design thinking and creative problem-solving skills, explore Design Thinking and Innovation , one of our online entrepreneurship and innovation courses. If you aren't sure which course is the right fit, download our free course flowchart to determine which best aligns with your goals.
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Problem Solving Techniques for Project Managers
Learn which problem solving techniques and strategies can help you effectively handle the challenges you face in your projects.
Problem Solving Techniques: A 5-Step Approach
Some problems are small and can be resolved quickly. Other problems are large and may require significant time and effort to solve. These larger problems are often tackled by turning them into formal projects.
"A project is a problem scheduled for solution."
- Joseph M. Juran
Problem Solving is one of the Tools & Techniques used for Managing Quality and Controlling Resources.
Modules 8 and 9 of the PM PrepCast cover Project Quality Management and Project Resource Management.
Consider this study program if you're preparing to take your CAPM or PMP Certification exam.
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Whether the problem you are focusing on is small or large, using a systematic approach for solving it will help you be a more effective project manager.
This approach defines five problem solving steps you can use for most problems...
Define the Problem
Determine the causes, generate ideas, select the best solution, take action.
The most important of the problem solving steps is to define the problem correctly. The way you define the problem will determine how you attempt to solve it.
For example, if you receive a complaint about one of your project team members from a client, the solutions you come up with will be different based on the way you define the problem.
If you define the problem as poor performance by the team member you will develop different solutions than if you define the problem as poor expectation setting with the client.
Once you have defined the problem, you are ready to dig deeper and start to determine what is causing it. You can use a fishbone diagram to help you perform a cause and effect analysis.
If you consider the problem as a gap between where you are now and where you want to be, the causes of the problem are the obstacles that are preventing you from closing that gap immediately.
This level of analysis is important to make sure your solutions address the actual causes of the problem instead of the symptoms of the problem. If your solution fixes a symptom instead of an actual cause, the problem is likely to reoccur since it was never truly solved.
Once the hard work of defining the problem and determining its causes has been completed, it's time to get creative and develop possible solutions to the problem.
Two great problem solving methods you can use for coming up with solutions are brainstorming and mind mapping .
After you come up with several ideas that can solve the problem, one problem solving technique you can use to decide which one is the best solution to your problem is a simple trade-off analysis .
To perform the trade-off analysis, define the critical criteria for the problem that you can use to evaluate how each solution compares to each other. The evaluation can be done using a simple matrix. The highest ranking solution will be your best solution for this problem.
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Once you've determined which solution you will implement, it's time to take action. If the solution involves several actions or requires action from others, it is a good idea to create an action plan and treat it as a mini-project.
Using this simple five-step approach can increase the effectiveness of your problem solving skills .
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Related Articles About Problem Solving Techniques
Fishbone Diagram: Cause and Effect Analysis Using Ishikawa Diagrams
A fishbone diagram can help you perform a cause and effect analysis for a problem. Step-by-step instructions on how to create this type of diagram. Also known as Ishikara or Cause and Effect diagrams.
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An Introduction to Problem Solving in Project Management
5 Steps to Identify and Eliminate Project-Halting Problems
Problem solving is a process for analysing a problem, and then developing and executing a solution. It is a task at which project managers must excel. There are many techniques that can be used for problem solving. The nature of the problem determines which is selected.
In this article, I describe a five-step process for problem solving that provides a systematic approach and helps improve the effectiveness of project management.
Step #1: Define the Problem
If you don’t understand the nature of the problem, then you cannot develop a sustainable solution.
For example, let’s say that a project team continuously misses deadlines. You may believe that the problem is caused by poor performance. On the other hand, the deadlines set may be too restrictive. The nature of the problem will determine the approach you take to solving it.
Step #2: Discover the Causes
Once you understand the problem, you can analyse it more deeply to discover the cause. The cause of a problem acts as a barrier to achieving your goals. Only by analysing the problem and determining the cause can you move to the next step in developing a solution.
It is important not to confuse cause with symptoms. If you only treat the symptoms, the underlying cause remains and will create more problems in the future.
Step #3: Develop Ideas for Solutions
Now it’s time to develop ideas to solve the problem. The wider the range of ideas, the more likely you are to choose a solution that is achievable and actionable.
This step is often achieved through a brainstorming process.
Step #4: Solution Selection
Of course, the point of developing a range of ideas for solutions is to ensure that the best is selected. One way to do this would be to conduct a trade-off analysis.
To do this, you must define the criteria for deciding which solution is best, usually as a series of weighted pros and cons. For each potential solution, the pros and cons are listed and its ranking is scored. The solution with the best ranking is the one that is selected.
Step #5: Put the Solution into Action
Having determined which is the solution of choice, the project manager should develop an action plan. This should include resources needed, budget, timetables, and all those involved. The solution is often run as a mini-project.
Despite PRINCE2’s framework and planning process – which seeks to anticipate risks and problems so that mitigating action can be taken ahead of potential problems becoming issues – all projects may suffer from unforeseen events and circumstances.
This five-step process for problem solving will increase a project manager’s capability to handle problems should they arise during a project – and project managers who react swiftly and decisively to problems have greater success in delivering expected project outcomes.
In our next article, I discuss several techniques which might be used to run effective problem-solving meetings in project management. In the meantime, for project management and project management training that motivates your employees, contact Your Project Manager:
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Improve Your Projects with Problem Definition and Solution Definition
By: Jonathan Browne | Published on: Feb 22, 2018 | Categories: PM Best Practices | 0 comments
Project Management, in layman’s terms, is how organizations or individuals solve problems. Project Management could essentially be renamed “Problem Solving”, and Project Managers, “Problem Solvers”. Therefore, it is not surprising two key stages in project management are Problem Definition and Solution Definition.
In fact, these steps form part of our 5 success factors for project management improvement .
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Oftentimes, these two phases of project management become diluted into one, with problems are mixed up with potential solutions. If this happens, issues will arise later in the project.
In this blog post, I will explain these two phases and how they are linked. I have also included some self-assessment questions you can use to gauge your effectiveness in the two stages.
1. Project Problem Definition
Definition: The group or individual understand and can prioritize the current challenges that they require to improve.
“Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.” – Abraham Lincoln
A project is a plan of work that ideally gets you to the desired outcome. Before a project takes place, you really must think about and define why you are taking on the project. Take Abraham Lincoln’s advice! What are the issues and problems you are having that the project will address?
Most problems are hidden, and it is the symptoms of the problem that you see. It is therefore important to do a proper root cause analysis so that you are not just treating symptoms but curing the condition!
Here at BrightWork our CEO, Eamonn McGuinness, has a simple tip: Ask yourself the five whys. Keep asking the following question of the problem – “But why?” Eventually, you will uncover a solid reason which is the root cause or the condition, not a symptom.
In the 1950s, Toyota Motor Corporation’s pioneer of the Production System, Taiichi Ohno, implemented “kaizen” (a method of continuous improvement). He is said to have instructed his staff to “ask why five times about every matter” as “the root cause of any problem is the key to a lasting solution”.
Another approach for problem definition is the 5W1H approach: Who, What, Where, When, Why and How.
- Who does it effect?
- What happens, what are the symptoms?
- Where does it happen?
- When does it happen?
- Why does it happen?
- How does it happen?
Let’s discuss a real-world example.
An engineering team requested the implementation of a new server from their I.T. department. When asked “why” by the project team, they suggested they hoped to increase production speed by up to 40%.
The project team probed further.
One engineer gave an example of a process that takes twice as long on the current server. When asked if server performance was ever considered as a root cause and investigated by support, the engineers presumed it had but no one knew who had raised a ticket.
The project was already beginning to take on a whole new direction.
Once contacted, the support team investigated, found, and removed a rogue process and the engineering team saw an immediate improvement in performance, retracting their request for the new server.
Without this step in the definition process, a needless project could have been completed, introducing unnecessary costs for the engineering team. The engineering team also introduced a new process for handling the investigation of anomalies in their production process.
Once the root causes or problems are identified, a decision needs to be made about which problems to address first. The decision-making approach may differ from one company to another for example; simply using your gut , forming a holistic approach, or group consensus .
When final decisions are made, they should be documented and communicated to the entire team so everyone is on the same page. This phase will form the Problem Statement, a clear and short description of the issues that need to be addressed by a problem-solving team.
This should be reviewed by the team before they try to solve any of the project problems.
2. Project Solution Definition
Definition: The group or individual that has an understanding or can recognize workable solutions to the defined problems.
Solution definition should not take place without the completion of the previous step, Problem Definition. Once the team understands the issues they are going to address first, they can then begin to form solutions.
Solution definition is a description of the work package to deliver the product. There are many variables that will impact what solutions or work will be undertaken; time, resources, budget, technology, skills, and even project management maturity.
The chosen solutions inform the “project scope”, the plan of work needed to complete the project. Project scope management ensures the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.
If work outside of the project scope begins to get added, there is a danger of “Scope Creep” – when minor (or what appear to be minor) changes or improvements to a project build up and have a knock-on effect on the time or cost of a project. For some projects, scope creep is inevitable, but it is essential to measure the scope creep , so it can be managed before it becomes detrimental to the project.
Sample Project Scope Statement
Project Name : Lighting Upgrade to LED
Project Sponsor : Charles Money
Project Manager : Caroline Leader
Date of Project Approval : 19th February.
Scope Description : The New York office will have a full upgrade of all ceiling hung lighting. The existing lighting will be decommissioned, recycled and new energy-efficient LED panel lighting installed. Motion sensors will be installed to switch off lighting in rarely used rooms and auto-dimming control units installed on the south-facing elevations reduce unneeded illumination on sunny days.
Project Deliverables :
- Decommission existing lighting and recycle.
- Install new wall-hung lighting.
- Install motion sensors in rarely used rooms.
- Install auto-dimming control on south-facing elevations.
Acceptance Criteria :
- Successful implementation of LED ceiling lighting.
- Successful recycling of old lighting controls.
- Successful testing of the automated lighting system.
- Successful reduction in power supply bill in the first month of >10%.
Constraints and Exclusions :
- Rewiring is excluded.
- Wall hung lighting is excluded.
- The facility manager must be available to the installer team while the project is underway.
Assumptions :
- Budget is approved for €50,000
- The installer team will be paid in stages as agreed in the contract.
- All teams will communicate with the facility manager and allow the works to be completed in their areas.
Next Steps: Self-Assessment
Project problem definition.
- Question 1 – Have you done a root cause analysis or asked the “five whys” of your current project management problems?
- Question 2 – Have you decided which project management problems to address first and has this been clearly documented and communicated to the wider team?
Project Solution Definition
- Question 1 – Do you have a clear understanding of what the project scope for the project will be?
- Question 2 – Have you recognized that there may be scope creep and come up with a way to manage it?
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Problem Solving: Meaning, Theory, and Strategies
Finding answers to difficulties that arise in daily life is referred to as problem−solving in psychology. These issues typically have context- or situation−specific solutions. Issue discovery and problem shaping, where the problem is identified and streamlined, are the first steps in the process. The following phase is to come up with and assess potential solutions. Finally, a solution is decided upon and will be tested. Problems have a solution that must be attained, and how you get there depends on your problem−solving coping mechanisms and analytical methods as well as your problem orientation.
What is Problem Solving?
Solving problems is a common aspect of most undertakings since it involves overcoming hurdles in order to accomplish a goal. From straightforward domestic difficulties, like how to switch on an appliance, to intricate problems in the commercial and technical worlds, there are many problems that need to be solved in our day−to−day life.
Theory of Problem Solving
When it comes to problem-solving, solutions need enough tools and information to get the job done. Undefined and well-defined issues fall into two distinct categories, and each is dealt with using a different strategy. Unlike poorly defined issues, which lack clear end objectives and expected solutions, well-defined problems do. More early planning is possible with well-defined problems than with poorly-defined ones. Sometimes dealing with pragmatics, or how context affects meaning, and semantics, or how the problem is interpreted, is necessary to solve a problem. The secret to fixing an issue is being able to see what the objective of the situation is and what guidelines may be used. Sometimes solving the issue calls for using abstract reasoning or coming up with a unique solution.
Most of the time, experts like lawyers, surgeons, and consultants tackle problems that require technical expertise and knowledge beyond what is generally acceptable. The more pervasive and uncomfortable the problem, the greater the possibility of building a scalable solution. This is how many organizations have discovered lucrative markets. Engineering, business, health, math, computer science, philosophy, and social organization are a few of the numerous specialized problem-solving strategies and methodologies.
Psychology and cognitive sciences investigate how people think through, analyze, and solve issues. In addition, a lot of studies have been done on the psychological barriers that inhibit people from solving problems− Confirmation bias, mental set, and functional fixity are obstacles to problem-solving. The "problem-solving cycle" is a series of actions for overcoming challenges in accomplishing a goal.
Common processes in this cycle include identifying the issue, defining it, coming up with a plan of attack, gathering the information and materials at hand, tracking the development, and assessing the efficacy of the solution. After an issue is solved, another one typically surfaces, and the cycle repeats.
Insight is the spontaneous 'aha' solution to a dilemma or the emergence of a new notion to clarify a difficult circumstance. The answers obtained via insight are frequently more precise than those obtained through a step−by−step study. The ability to choose effective actions at various phases of the problem-solving cycle is necessary for a speedy solution process. There is no agreed-upon definition of an insight issue, unlike the formal definition of a moving problem provided by Newell and Simon.
Strategies of Problem Solving
A plan of action adopted to find a solution is known as a problem-solving strategy. Different strategies are accompanied by various action plans, and the trial-and-error method is one popular way, for instance.
Trial and Error Method − Trial and error is the process of attempting several remedies until the issue is resolved. When employing trial and error, you would keep attempting various fixes until your problem was fixed. Even though trial and error is not always the most time-efficient method, it is nonetheless frequently employed.
Algorithm − An algorithm is a different kind of approach. An algorithm is a method for solving problems that gives you detailed directions on how to get the desired result. It may be compared to a recipe with very specific directions that always provide the same outcome. We regularly employ algorithms in daily life, particularly in computer science. Search engines like Google utilize algorithms to determine which items will come first in your list of results when you conduct an Internet search. Facebook also utilizes algorithms to choose which content to show in your newsfeed.
Heuristic − A heuristic is a different kind of approach to resolving issues. A heuristic is a generic framework for problem-solving, unlike an algorithm, which must be followed precisely to obtain the desired outcome. These might be viewed as problem-solving techniques that exploit mental shortcuts. A heuristic is what you may call a "rule of thumb." Such a rule spares the decision-maker time and effort, but despite its time-saving benefits, it is not necessarily the most effective way to reach a logical conclusion. Different heuristics are employed in various contexts, but the inclination to employ a heuristic arises when one of the five requirements is satisfied.
Hypothesis testing − A technique used in experiments called hypothesis testing involves making an assumption about what would occur in response to manipulating an independent variable, then analysing the consequences of the manipulation and comparing them to the initial hypothesis.
Means-end Analysis − Choosing and examining a course of action through a succession of smaller stages to achieve a goal is known as a means−ends analysis. The Tower of Hanoi paradigm may be used as a means-end analysis example.
Brainstorming − Brainstorming is the process of gathering and evaluating many potential ideas, particularly among a group of individuals, in order to integrate and refine them until an ideal answer is found.
There are several approaches to problem−solving. Common techniques include heuristics, algorithms, and trial−and−error. A huge, complex challenge is frequently broken down into smaller phases that may be completed independently and lead to an overall solution. A conceptual set, functional fixedness, and numerous biases that might impair decision−making are obstacles to problem−solving.
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Problem Solving – Definition, Process, and Examples
Home > Articles > Problem Solving – Definition, Process, and Examples
An example of this problem-solving ability appears most often in job interviews, where candidates are usually asked to complete several scenario-based questions that can be answered such as how to handle situations in the past. Then how to manage problems that arise in the following work examples of questions.
Applicants are asked to schedule a project that must be completed quickly, but is unable to complete the job. Because it requires information from other colleagues who cannot be contacted at this time, how can applicants deal with and solve this problem.
The answer is reassessing from the situation whether there are other elements of the project that are can be done until the co-workers return. If there is, you can work on it first, if not, you should try to contact the person concerned or another employee in the office who can help.
To be able to solve problems at work, for example, a lot of knowledge is needed because it is one way to improve problem solving abilities. Expanding technical knowledge in the field of work involved, strong knowledge certainly makes the problems at hand easier.
This is a brief explanation of what problem solving is, the process it takes and examples in life. At Sampoerna University, students will learn how to face global challenges and one of them has the best problem solving understanding in dealing with every situation.
Sampoerna University is more than just a campus — it is a learning community that prepares students to succeed both academically and professionally. Here, students will not only learn and acquire academic skills—they will be challenged to think, do, and grow for the better. With existing programmes, students are guaranteed to have better skills and credentials that will open the doors to national or international careers once they graduate.
For more information about Sampoerna University , click on the following link.
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Eko Sulistyo, S.Kom., M.T.I.
Computer Science Lecturer
Highest Degree Earned:
Master of Information Technology, University of Indonesia
Course Taught:
Differential Equations
General Physics with Calculus
Achievements:
Member of APTIKOM and ADI (Indonesia Lecturer Association)
Sampoerna University IT IS Operations and Services Manager
Silvia Eka Putri, M.Ak., CAP
Accounting Lecturer
Master Degree: Accounting Bina Nusantara Graduate Program
Auditing II
Accounting Information System
Best paper award of The 3rd International Conference of Business, Accounting, and Economics – 2022
Wandy, A. Md., M.CompSc.
Head of Information Systems Study Program
Master of Computer Science, University of Wollongong
– Mobile Applications Development – Software for Engineers – Computer Networks and Data Communications – Principles of Information System – Computer Programming for Engineering Applications – Operating Systems
Member of IEEE, APTIKOM, and ADI (Indonesia Lecturer Association).
Served as session chair in an international conference.
Certified International of Internal Quality Audit, LSP Quantum HRM International, 2022
Maryam Mursadi, S.Sos, M.Pd
English Education Lecturer
Master Degree: Inclusive and Special Needs Education, UPI Bandung
Individual Differences
Arnaldo Purba, Ph.D.
Ph.D in Commerce, the Australian National University
Financial Statement Analysis International Taxation Public Sector Accounting Individual and Corporate Tax II
1. Best Research Interactive Session award. Awarded at the 2017 Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand (AFAANZ) Conference. Hilton Adelaide, Adelaide – Australia, 2-4 July 2017.
2. People’s Choice award. Awarded at the College of Business and Economics, The Australian National University Three Minute Thesis (3MT) 2017 Competition. Alan Barton Forum, CBE ANU, Canberra, Australia, 14 August 2017.
3. Best Doctoral Paper at the 30th Australasian Tax Teachers’ Association (ATTA) Conference. Monash University, Department of Business Law and Taxation, Melbourne – Australia, 17-19 January 2018.
4. Top 10 Paper at the 2022 Accounting Scientific Conference-Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants (Konferensi Ilmiah Akuntansi/ KIA IX), 23-24 March 2022.
Dyan Wahyuning Praharwati, M.Pd.
General Education Lecturer
Master Degree: Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Malang State University
Bahasa Indonesia
Edah Runengsih M.Pd., Ph.D
Ph.D in entreprenurship at University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.
Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Pendidikan Pancasila
Dr. Christy Dwita Mariana, S.T., M.M.
Management Lecturer
Doctorate Degree: Ph.D in Finance and Banking Management, Universitas Indonesia
-Real Estate Finance and Investment -Introduction to Finance
Best, Fastest, Youngest, and Best Publication Graduate of Doctoral Degree in Program Pascasarjana Ilmu Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia (PPIM FEB UI) in 2021
Research team member of Stablecoins research funded by Bank Indonesia (Research Grant Bank Indonesia 2021)
1 of 5 global Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in Departemen Manajemen FEB UI 2022-2024
An author of a book entitled “CRYPTOCURRENCY: TEROBOSAN ATAU ANCAMAN ATAS TATANAN FINANSIAL UMUM?” and a book chapter in “Handbook of Research on Cybersecurity Issues and Challenges for Business and FinTech Applications” published by IGI Global
Former trainer and facilitator for financial management subjects at PPM Manajemen and PT. Strategi Transforma Infiniti
Dr. Li. Edi Ramawijaya Putra, S.Pd, M. Pd
Doctor of Applied Linguistics in English Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
Foundation of Teaching and Learning Introduction to the Study of Language
Arkhadi Pustaka, ST., M.Pd.
Master of Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Educational Technology,
Advanced Educational Technology
Virtual Manipulatives Developer for Gernas Tastaka (National Movement for Innumeracy Eradication)
Sri Susilawati Islam, ST., MT.
Industrial Engineering Lecturer
Master’s Degree: Institut Teknologi Bandung
– Introduction to Engineering – Introduction to System & Industrial Engineering – Engineering Economy – Integrated Manufacturing System – Engineering Experimental Design – Industrial Engineering Colloquium
Funded by Dikti in Penelitian Dosen Pemula Program
Best presenter paper in International Conference
Erwin Dipo, BFA., M.S.
Visual Communication Design Lecturer
Master’s Degree: (Science) George Washington University
Dr. Ida Ayu Nyoman Titin Trisnadewi, S.T., M.T.
Mechanical Engineering Lecturer
Doctoral Degree: (Mechanical engineering) University of Indonesia
Budi Kurniawan, S.E., MA., M.Ak.
Master’s Degree: (Art) Wolverhampton University Master’s Degree: (Accounting) University of Indonesia
Atyanto Edhie Purwanto, S.Ak., M.M.
Master’s Degree: (Management) Gadjah Mada University
Bun Sucento, S.E., M.B.A.
Master’s Degree: (Management) The University of Dallas Master’s Degree: (Business Administration) Pittsburg State University
Carolina Sari, S.Ak., M.Ak.
Master’s Degree: (Accounting Science) University of Indonesia
Faris Windiarti, S.Pd., M.S.Ak.
Luciana Haryono, S.E., M.M., M.Ak.
Master’s Degree: (Management) Prasetiya Mulya University Master’s Degree: (Accounting) University of Indonesia
Dr. Widya Agustina Siregar, S.H., M.H.
Doctorate Degree: (Law) Padjadjaran University
Patricia Jesica Irene, S.E., M.A.
Master’s Degree: (International Business) The University of Melbourne
Hatim Gazali, M.A
Master’s Degree : UGM – Centre for Religious and Cross Cultural studies
Pendidikan Pancasila
Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Khoirul Anam, M.A
Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Stuedies, Gadjah Mada Univrsity
World Religions
Special Staff for Mabes Polri, Densus 88, and BNPT for Radicalism and Terrorism issues.
Wulan Nurul Kamilah, S.Pd., M.Si.
Master’s Degree: Master of Science in Mathematics (Statistics), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Dr. Ilham Prasetyo
Doctoral (Dr.) degree in Physics, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
– General Physics with Calculus 1 – General Physics with Calculus 1 Lab – General Physics with Calculus 2 – Introduction to Optics and Dynamics – General Physics with Calculus 2 Lab
Some papers in reputable international scientific journals, e.g. General Relativity and Gravitation, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Nuclear Physics B, Physical Review D, and The European Physical Journal C
Lukman Baihaqi Alfakihuddin, M.Sc
Master Degree in Environmental Resource Management, Florida Institute of Technology, Florida, USA
-Introduction to Environmental Science -General Biology -General Biology Lab -Environmental Ethics -Microbe and Society -Business Ethic and Sustainability
USAID Scholarship Awardee, 2015
Climate Cornell Fellowship Awardee,2019
Atlas Corps Scholar, 2020
Publishing academic papers in National & International Journals, 2022
Caesilia Ika Widanti, S.Psi., M.Psi., Psikologi.
Head of Psychology Study Program
Magister of Educational Psychology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta
-Educational Psychology -General Psychology -Affective Education in 21st Century -Social Emotional Learning
Achievement:
Team member of Program Profesi Guru (Professional Development Program) curriculum development, Directorate General of Teachers and Education Personnel, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek, Indonesia)
Team member of Program Guru Penggerak Curriculum Development, Directorate General of Teachers and Education Personnel, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek, Indonesia)
Active involvement in raising Mental Health Awareness with various organizations and institutions.
Involve in Career Developmental Coaching Program to serve adolescence in Indonesia
Tika Endah Lestari, M.Si
Acting Dean of Faculty of Arts and Science
Master Degree (M.Si) in Mathematics (Research Group Statistics), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
-Calculus and Analytical Geometry I – Calculus and Analytical Geometry II – Calculus and Analytical Geometry III – Statistics -Mathematical Foundation of Industrial Engineering -Introduction to Engineering Probability and Statistics -Quality Control and Six Sigma
Active involvement in mathematics and Industrial engineering research activities with some academic articles published in international journals indexed by Scopus.
Logical operations certified in supply chain associate
Dr. Donny Citra Lesmana, S.Si., M.Fin.Math.
Mathematics Education Lecturer
Ph.D in Mathematics, The University of Western Australia, Australia
College Algebra Precalculus Algebra and Trigonometry Calculus and Analytical Geometry I Calculus for Business and Social Sciences
Research Grant from Kementerian Pertanian to do Feasibility Study of Livestock Insurance in Indonesia
AusAID Scholarship Awardee for Postgraduate Study
READI Project Awardee for Actuarial Science Teaching Mentorship in University of Waterloo, Canada
Directorate General of Higher Education’s Research Grant
Dr. Meiliasari, S.Pd., M.Sc.
Doctor of philosophy, Mathematics Education, Deakin University
History of Mathematics
Chrisna Bhuana Martinovianto, M.Hum
Master’s degree: Linguistics, University of Indonesia
Discourse Analysis & Sociolinguistics;
Writing Convention & Grammar Analysis
Linguistics enthusiasts, translator, interpreter, proofreader.
Udi Samanhudi, PhD
PhD in TESOL and Applied Linguistics, Queen’s Univesity Belfast, UK
Current Issues in ELT
Educational Reserach Method
Lead Researcher in Indonesia in International Reserach Project in the area of Language, Interculturality and Technology in Collaboration with researchers from ten different countries i.e., UK, China, Moroco, Brazil, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Ukraine funded by British Council;
The fastest and doctorate graduate with impact- doctoral in TESOL, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK;
Keynote speaker in international seminar in TESOL and Applied Linguitsics;
Book Writer (i.e., Teaching as Public Speaking; Current Issues in ELT; Critical Reading and Writing);
Awardee LPDP Scholarship, 2016-2020
Dhitta Puti Sarasvati R., M.Ed
Master’s Degree: Mathematics Education, University of Bristol, UK
Foundation of Teaching & Learning, Mathematics Curriculum & Material Development, Teaching & Learning Mathematics 1, Educational Research Methods 1, Classroom Language Strategies, Extended College Algebra, College Algebra, Pre-Calculus, Calculus 1, Calculus 2
– Chief of the Honorary Board of Ikatan Guru Indonesia (IGI)
Founder and Content Coordinator of Gerakan Nasional Pemberantasan Buta Matematika (Gernas Tastaka) & Gerakan Nasional Pemberantasan Buta Membaca (Gernas Tastaba) (2018 – present).
Designed and facilitated trainings for the Commision for eradicating Corruption (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi) about the System of Education in Indonesia as Basis for Designing Programs About Anti-Corruption in Schools (2021).
With Ibu Nisa Felicia, Co-authored of the Indonesian Case Study for the UNESCO Global Monitoring Report (GMR) 2017.
Published several books related with education. In 2022 published the book “Guru Posting Berdiri, Murid Update Berlari”, and published a book chapter in “Memikirkan Kembali Arah Pendidikan indonesia: Kritik, Potensi, dan Rekomendasi”.
Sugiri Aryanto, M.Si.
Master of Science, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Differential Equations,
Discrete Mathematics,
Linear Algebra,
Real Analysis.
Silver medal in National Mathematics Olympiad (2011 and 2012)
Trainer for West Java Mathematics Olympiad team as prepation for junior national olympiad (2017)
Active involvement in community services : teaching Mathematics for Competition in various schools in Indonesia
Anissa Pane, M.A.
Master’s Degree: University of South Wales
– EAP Speaking/Listening IV – EAP Grammar and Writing IV – EAP Reading IV
Active involvement in community services: teaching intensive English courses at schools and non-profit communities
A speaker in Thursday English Workshop ‘Mastering the Art of Instagram Caption’, Sampoerna University
An author of a book titled ‘How Far We Go: Education and Social Mobility of Papuan and West Papuan Students in Jakarta’
An author of an article titled ‘Missing the Sun?’ in a book titled ‘The Notes of UNIFIERS’
An author of ‘Terantuk Resam’, awarded as Top 100 national poems by Literasi Bangsa
Deshinta P.A.D Argaswari, M. Pd.
Master of Education in Mathematics Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
College Algebra Precalculus Algebra and Trigonometry Calculus and Analytical Geometry I Calculus for Business and Social Sciences Microteaching Planning Assessment and Evaluation
Active involvement in the research and discussion about Mathematics, Geometry, and Teaching Mathematics especially preparing the pre-service teaching in Field Teaching Experience.
Invited speaker for the Webinar: Interactive Teaching During Pandemic conducted by DIKTI, and any other education community.
Faradillah Hariani, M.Si
M.S.in Mathematical Modelling, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2015
College Algebra Calculus and Analytical Geometry I Calculus and Analytical Geometry II Calculus and Analytical Geometry III Linear Programming Linear Algebra
Active involvement in the research and Community services about Mathematics Education and Educational Technology in Mathematics
Invited speaker for the Kemdikbud Webinar: Interactive Teaching During Pandemic
uthor for Kemdikbud Book entitled “Pendidikan Masa Pandemi: Adaptasi dan Transformasi Pembelajaran”
Publication Grant Recipients from SEAMEO Reginal Centre for QITEP in Mathematics
Best Presenter for Research (SU Internal Grant) for AY period 2019 – 2020 and 2020 – 2021
Maria Niayu Risma Novianti, M.A.
English Language Lecturer
M.A in American Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, 2015
Composition I Composition II Introduction to Literature
Published papers in accredited national journals in the literature area.
Facilitator in Intensive and Extensive Reading Workshop held by IERA (Indonesia Extensive Reading Association) and The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology 2021
Julia Frances Lonan, B.A, M.A
English Language Education Lecturer
Master of Arts, Emerson College Boston, USA
Introduction to Speech Communication Technical Writing Communication in the Work Force
Active involvement in Community Service with Mount Carmel Community
Serve as independent consultant in Business Communication to various small businesses
Susilowaty, M.A
Master’s Degree: Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois, U.S.A
– Teaching English as a Foreign Language – Planning Assessment and Evaluation – Micro Teaching – Classroom Language Strategies – English for Young Learner
Team member of Program Profesi Guru (Professional Development Program) curriculum developent, Directorate General of Teachers and Education Personnel, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Indonesia)
Committee member of Indonesian Extensive Reading Association (IERA)
Team member of Gerakan Nasional Beranta Buta Membaca (Gernastastaba) –> national movement to eradicate illiteracy
The best paper awardee on “A Story of Authentic Assessment Application in TEYL Class”, in the 4th Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYLIN) conference
A chapter writer and editor of a book entitled “The Notes of UNIFIERS (Fun English with Fantastic Teachers)”
Dr. Vera Syamsi
Ph. D. in Literary Studies, University of Indonesia
Composition I Composition II Introduction to Literature Literacy, Culture & the Development of Critical Readers Literacy & Learning in Content Areas (Multiliteracies) English Language Teaching Methodology
Conducting research on Critical Thinking & Cultural Studies
Publishing academic paper in National & International Journals
Speaking in various national & international conferences on education and Cultural Studies
Assessor of Sertifikasi Dosen – The Ministry of Education
Facilitator of Intensive – Extensive Reading Strategies
Zulfiya Ismailova, M.A
Head of English for Academic Purposes
Master’s Degree: California State University, Fresno
EAP Advanced Reading,
EAP Composition I,
EAP Composition II,
Compositon I.
Desyarti Safarini TLS, M. Si.
Head of Mathematics Education Study Program
Master of Science in Applied Mathematics, Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB), Indonesia
– Calculus and Analytical Geometry I – Integral Calculus – Derivative Calculus – Sequence and Series of a Function – Differential Equations – Problem Solving and Project Based Learning in Mathematics – Linear Programming
LPDP Scholarship Awardee (2019)
Active involvement in mathematics education and educational technology research activities.
as a national facilitator for Active Learning in Higher Education (ALIHE-DBE 2)
active involvement as invited facilitator in teacher training programs hosted by SEAMEO Regional Centre for QITEP in Mathematics, CASIO Education, Microsoft Education, and Pearson.
SEAMEO Regional Centre for QITEP in Mathematics-Module writer: “Problem-Solving in Mathematics”
USAID SMART-LAB- Module writer for secondary mathematics projects
Dr. C.I.W. Eka Budiartha, M.A
Head of English Language Education Program
Ph. D. in Applied Linguistics, Atma Jaya University, Indonesia
Composition I,
Introduction to Study of Language,
Language Acquisition and Development,
Advanced English Skills,
English for Specific Purposes,
Technology in Language Leaerning
Active involvement in research and discussions about Applied Linguitics
University winner of designing an interactive and engaging learning management system
Invited speakers for Applied linguistic, Lexical Knowledge and Technology in Education
Workshop facilitator in Extensive Reading
Presenters in International Forum and Published articles in International journals
Dr. Soepriyatna
Acting Dean of Faculty of Education
Ph. D. in Linguistics, Atma Jaya University, Indonesia
– Curriculum & Materials Development – Seminar – Introduction to the Study of Language
Active involvement in teacher professional development with various organizations and governmental bodies in Indonesia.
Having served as a speaker/ Key Note Speaker/ Jury in academic forums, competitions organized by various institutions.
An author of a book entitled, “EFL Curriculum and Materials Development”, published by UT.
Ir. Andry Adiwinarso M. Eng
Management Lecturer
Master Degree: Engineering Management, Cornell University
Digital Marketing Introductiin to Marketing Introduction to Human Resources Basic Operation Management, Entrepreneurship
Kenny Fernando, M.S.Ak
Master of Science in Accounting, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
ACCT2304 Intermediate Accounting II ACCT2314Individual and Corporate Tax I ACCT3322 Foundations in Accounting Research ACCT3406 Accounting Information System and Internal Control GBUS1302 Principles of Accounting I GBUS1303 Principles of Accounting II GBUS2304 Managerial Accounting MGMT4329 Using and Managing Information Systems
YSEALI Outbound Project 2022
ASEAN Foundation #eMpoweringYouthsGrantee 2021
YSEALI PFP U.S. Department (America) 2019
The Best Thesis FEB Universitas Indonesia 2018
3 International Conferences (Australia – Indo) 2017
LPDP Awardee, Ministry of Finance RI 2016
Indonesia-China Youth Exchange Program 2015
The Best Student by PT Hewlett-Packard 2015
1st Champion of Accounting Competition 2014
Tri Wismiarsi, Ph.D
Doctoral Degree From Monash University, Australia
Integrated Marketing Communication Introduction to Marketing Research Methods for Business
Sentot B. Prayitno, MM
Master Degree from PPM School of Management
Introduction to Marketing Introduction to Business Research Methods for Business Entrepreneurship Project Management Introduction to Finance Real Estate FInance & Investment Business Model Innovation
Having experience more than 10 years in marketing & sales sector especially from FMCG, Banking & Insurance industry.
Pursue PhD degree at local University in Indonesia with major on Marketing.
in progress writing article related with marketing subjects and will published in international & local reputable journal.
Dr. Muhril Ardiansyah
Economics Lecturer
Ph. D. in Agricultural Economics, Oklahoma State University, USA.
Basic Economic
Issues Principles of Macroeconomics
Introduction To Human Resources
Analytical methods for Business
Economic Strategy for Business Decision
Research Methods for Business
Christian H. Pangaribuan, M.B.A.
International Relationship Coordinator
Master of Business Administration, University of New Haven, USA.
Research Methods for Business Project Management Basic Operations Management Marketing Analytics Innovation Principles
Active involvement in research with several academic articles published in international journals indexed by Scopus.
Andrey Hasiholan Pulungan, M.Comm., Ak., CA., CPA (Aust.)
Head of Accounting Study Program
Master of Commerce in Accounting , Australian National University, Australia, 2009
ACCT2301 Intermediate Accounting I ACCT2304 Intermediate Accounting II ACCT3316 Advanced Financial Accounting I ACCT3317 Advanced Financial Accounting II ACCT3210 Accounting Theory GBUS1302 Principles of Accounting I GBUS1303 Principles of Accounting II GBUS1305 Computer Applications GBUS2304 Managerial Accounting
Best paper award of Konferensi Ilmiah Akuntansi IX – 2022
– Publications:
Book – Get To Know Advance Features to Process Business Transactions With Accurate Online, Ultima Teknologi Solusindo, Jakarta – 2022
Book – Akuntansi Keuangan Dasar Berbasis PSAK per Juni 2012 (Buku 1), Mitra Wacana Media, Jakarta – 2013
– International Journal
Akuntansi Keuangan Dasar Berbasis PSAK per Juni 2012 (Buku 1), Mitra Wacana Media, Jakarta
– National Journal
Authentic Leadership and Whistleblowing: The Mediating Roles of Trust and Moral Courage. Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi. Vol. 5 No. 2, Cirebon – 2020
Affective and Normative Commitment as Intervening Variables of the Links between Ethical Leadership, Religiosity, and Fraud, Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi dan Bisnis vol. 7 no. 2 – 2020 Banda Aceh
Pananda Pasaribu, Ph.D.
Head of Management Study Program
Ph. D. in Finance, The University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Portfolio Theory and Analysis Real Estate Finance and Investment Introduction to Finance Treasury Management Basic Economic Issues Macroeonomics and Global Institution Policy Research Methodology for Business
Holder of Wakil Manajer Investasi (WMI) license from OJK
Dr. Wahyoe Soedarmono
Dean of Faculty of Business
Ph. D. Finance and Banking, Univ. De Limoges, France.
Credit and Lending Management Macroeconomics and Global Institutions and Policy Research Methods in Business Treasury Management
HSBC-PSF Program Manager on Curporate Sustainability
Member of Association of Indonesian Private Higher Education Institutions (APTISI)
Scopus H-index for scholarly achievement: 8
Jonathan Saputra, S.Pd., M.Si.
Master Degree: Matematika, Institut Teknologi Bandung
College Algebra Differential Equations Calculus and Analytical Geometry III Trigonometry Mathematics for Engineering Applications
Sampoerna Foundation Awardee for Bachelor Degree (2009-2013)
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Hani Pranayadati, M.A.
Master Degree: New Media & Digital Culture, Utrecht University
VCDD2335-A Media History VCDD1402-A Narrative Concepts & Storytelling
Executive producer in CNN Indonesia, senior jurnalist and well experienced in TV news programs since 2001
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Aditiya Harjon, M.Phil
M.Phil in Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
Intermediate Thermodynamics
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Rachmat Arsyadi, M. Ds.
Master of Design, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia.
– Collaborative Design – Origin of Design – Creative narratives: online storytelling – UX/UI – Website Design – Typography Fundamental – Design Thinking & Theory – Final project i (design object) – Final project ii (senior thesis) – Research Design Methodology
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M. A. in Digital Media, University of Sussex, United Kingdom.
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Santo Tjhin, M. Ds.
– Narrative Concepts and Storytelling – Professional practice portfolio – Creative narratives: online storytelling – Introduction to interactive media – Computer Graphics Design – Typography Fundamental – Color and Material – Final project i (design object) – Final project ii (senior thesis) – Visual Communication and Advertising
Actively involved in the development of professional designers with various organizations and companies in Indonesia.
Member of Asosiasi Dosen Indonesia (Indonesian Lecturer Association).
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Information System Lecturer
Master in Systems and Control Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, 2018
Basic Circuit
Digital Systems
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Rafie Djajasoepena, S.Kom., M.Kom.
Master of Information Technology, Swiss German University Tangerang
Prof. Dr. Media A. Ayu
Ph. D in Information Science and Engineering, Australian National University, Australia.
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The Origin of Design
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Mechanics fo Materials Lab.
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- Kanban Guide
- Introduction
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- ⬞ A3 Problem Solving
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What is A3 Problem Solving?
A3 problem solving is a Lean approach to reporting issues and presenting ways of addressing them. The simple method, developed by Toyota, bases on documenting a problem, together with its current outcome and a suggested change, on a single sheet of A3 paper (420x297mm), giving it the name. You can use it to make a process change proposal, report on project status, or solve a problem.
A3 takes from the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle . Though it appears to be a step-by-step process, the method tends to be used iteratively, with the problem and solution sections being cyclically updated.
Taiichi Ōno of Toyota was known for not appreciating reports longer than one page, which helped the proliferation of the A3 approach within the automotive giant’s offices. A3 is similar to the 8D report also widespread in the automotive industry, though typically for complaints management. Furthermore, the ability to quickly discern a problem and understand its solution is innate to Lean values.
Lean emphasizes visualization, with examples in value stream mapping and Kanban’s visual workflows. That made a single-page report presenting what is going on was a welcome addition to a Lean operation.
Through shared use of A3s to solve all problems and plan initiatives, companies can start to operate an A3 system thinking methodology: address difficulties, suggest change, innovate, and curate logical reasoning rooted in the current needs.
Why use the A3 approach to solving problems?
Lean provides a competitive advantage, strategic and operational benefits through its objective to increase the value delivered to the customer and to reduce waste. Engaging in a process that allows the team to find the correct, best solution in the shortest possible time is highly beneficial.
Understandably, some reports and proposals must contain extensive amounts of data, and they have their place in a business environment. But imagine the value and advantage that distilling this information to 1 page has. Consider how much faster decisions can be made based on that. Besides the time savings, the opportunity to use the systematic approach of PDCA supplements the problem-solving skills required to propose accurate solutions.
In preparing for battle I have always found that plans are useless, but planning is indispensable. Dwight Eisenhower
It’s the act of planning that is important, as it spells out all known obstacles, visualizes the action plan, and helps to foresee potential outcomes and issues along the way. While documenting your problem on an A3 piece of paper may or may not yield benefits, the act of implementing A3 thinking is what makes the difference.
The benefits of using A3 thinking are:
- Quicker problem solving through logical reasoning and application of a step-by-step, visual process. Demanding a root cause identification ensures that difficulties are dealt with, not just temporarily masked.
- Easier planning thanks to the application of objective, critical thinking promoted by the A3’s structure.
- Team development through repeated use of a structural tool to find root causes of problems and their best solutions. The use of one tool across all company levels also promotes cross-department collaboration and knowledge sharing.
- Company growth A3 reports help maintain and keep company knowledge on record, helping to sustain good operating policies and build a strong growth culture rooted in solving a company’s actual problems, not abstract ideas.
How to create an A3 report?
Step 1: The title
It should focus on the problem you are trying to solve and not the solution you want to convey. Examples of titles are: “Decrease Team Misunderstanding of Task Instructions” or “Reduce Customer Complaints with Product XYZ” .
Step 2: Background
According to the authors of “Understanding A3 Thinking: A Critical Component of Toyota’s PDCA Management System” , one of the main strengths of Toyota is that they place importance on understanding a problem. Rather than rush onto a solution, Toyota takes the time to precisely understand what is going on. The principle of going on a Gemba walk attests to this need to perceive problems first-hand.
The report’s background section conveys important related facts and how the problem aligns with the company’s strategic objectives. Presenting this right there on the page helps minimize the cost that a board of highly paid executives would need to spend looking at a problem, without a guarantee of them understanding it, nor coming up with the right solution. Consider this checklist for your background section:
- Do I know the needs of my report’s audience?
- Have I provided enough context?
- Does what it presents align with the audience’s strategic goals?
- Can the background be explained in 30 seconds?
Step 3: Current condition
A correct definition and a good understanding of the problem is your path to finding the right solution. That makes working on defining the current condition 90 % of the A3 effort.
The objective here is to make sure everyone is aware of the problem, whether the report documents it appropriately, and whether anyone questions the report’s findings. The use of graphs, charts, or other visual aids is beneficial.
Step 4: Goal
Your target - if you hit it, you know that your problem-solving effort has been a success. But you need to know what metrics will measure success and what the definition of success is. An example could be “reducing customer complaints by 15%, as measured by call center statistics” .
Step 5: The root cause
The focus of the root cause section should be to differentiate between facts and opinions regarding a problem’s cause and effect. You can include your findings from 5 Whys exercises , an Ishikawa diagram , or any other result of your RCA efforts . If the root cause is not defined correctly, the problem will likely resurface, causing waste and negating the Lean principles.
Step 6: Countermeasures
The countermeasures should be the corrective actions to take for the root cause of the problem to be resolved. If not possible - without a process overhaul - you can use containment actions instead to stop the issue from directly impacting the customer. It is OK to address complex problems iteratively, along with the values of continuous improvement .
The section may include a table of the problem causes, actions taken, action owners, and the achieved results.
Step 7: Effect confirmation
Since the A3 exercise bases on the PDCA cycle, this section of your report should show the effort you expended to confirm your findings. The proof that you have indeed solved the problem. For example, software engineers include samples that replicate the bugs and verify they are no longer present after a fix.
If the exercise has not taken place yet, i.e., when you’re presenting a plan to gain approval, you should outline what exercises you will conduct to check if the aim is successful.
Step 8: Follow up actions
The final section should include any other actions that you might want to consider. A principle worth adhering to here is the “Shitsuke - sustain” step of the 5S plan . Consider what you should do to ensure the benefits of this exercise are maintained. And could they possibly be translated to other areas of the company?
An A3 problem-solving report will help you deliver information in a way that provides instant value and can quickly reduce waste.
The most important thing to remember is that the act of Lean problem solving is more important than creating an A3 document that may contain no valid data and be simply a tick on some corporate checklist.
The same is true of all Lean methods and tools - their application alone will not make your company Lean. To truly implement Lean principles, your company culture, thinking, and planning all have to transform.
Did you know?
A low-risk, tiny step in attempting a culture change in a company could be getting the teams to collaborate on digital Kanban Tool ® boards. Their WIP limits monitoring and process visualization stand a chance to slowly change people’s way of thinking towards more Lean patterns. Please enter valid URL Subdomain is already taken Please enter valid email address
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- Problem Solving
What is Problem Solving Problem solving is the process of a problem analysis and resolving it in the best way possible for that situation.
This process contains analysing the problem ( root cause analysis ), defining countermeasures for the problem and implementing the right solution for that situation.
For problem solving, people need critical thinking and analytical skills . Everybody within a organization or company can benefit from having good skills because there are always problems.
There have been lots of scientific and practical studies from a learning point of view. Some of the techniques developed and used in artificial intelligence (AI), computer science, engineering, mathematics, or medicine are related to mental techniques studied in psychology.
What are the most known and used models and methods? What are their success stories and practical tips when you apply these? These posts are all about great tools and methods that can help you to achieve your goal or understand certain aspects that come with problem solving .
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What is a Straw Man Proposal? Theory, Example and Template
February 22nd, 2023
Kepner Tregoe Method of Problem Solving explained
Swim Lane Diagram explained: Rules, Example and Template
What is Lateral Thinking? Definition, Meaning and Examples
February 13th, 2023
Positive Deviance (PD): definition and examples
February 10th, 2023
What is TRIZ Method of Problem Solving? Principles and Examples
February 7th, 2023
What is a Business Analysis? Definition, Process and Tools
January 24th, 2023
What is a Root Cause Analysis? Definition, example and template
January 12th, 2023
What is Value Stream Mapping (VSM)? Examples and Symbols
December 28th, 2022
A3 Lean: Template, Process and Examples
December 13th, 2022
What is 8D Report? Meaning, how to fill and a template
December 7th, 2022
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Problem Solving Skills for the Digital Age
Reading time: about 6 min
Posted by: Lucid Content Team
Let’s face it: Things don’t always go according to plan. Systems fail, wires get crossed, projects fall apart.
Problems are an inevitable part of life and work. They’re also an opportunity to think critically and find solutions. But knowing how to get to the root of unexpected situations or challenges can mean the difference between moving forward and spinning your wheels.
Here, we’ll break down the key elements of problem solving, some effective problem solving approaches, and a few effective tools to help you arrive at solutions more quickly.
So, what is problem solving?
Broadly defined, problem solving is the process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues. But you already knew that. Understanding problem solving frameworks, however, requires a deeper dive.
Think about a recent problem you faced. Maybe it was an interpersonal issue. Or it could have been a major creative challenge you needed to solve for a client at work. How did you feel as you approached the issue? Stressed? Confused? Optimistic? Most importantly, which problem solving techniques did you use to tackle the situation head-on? How did you organize thoughts to arrive at the best possible solution?
The answers to these questions say a lot about your problem solving approach skills. But if you have trouble knowing the best way to approach a problem, you’re not alone. A report issued by the National Center for Education Statistics has found that American workers rank “dead last” out of 18 industrial nations when it comes to problem solving skills using technology.
Solve your problem-solving problem
Here’s the good news: Good problem solving skills can be learned. By its nature, problem solving doesn’t adhere to a clear set of do’s and don’ts—it requires flexibility, communication, and adaptation. However, most problems you face, at work or in life, can be tackled using four basic steps.
First, you must define the problem . This step sounds obvious, but often, you can notice that something is amiss in a project or process without really knowing where the core problem lies. The most challenging part of the problem solving process is uncovering where the problem originated.
Second, you work to generate alternatives to address the problem directly. This should be a collaborative process to ensure you’re considering every angle of the issue.
Third, you evaluate and test potential solutions to your problem. This step helps you fully understand the complexity of the issue and arrive at the best possible solution.
Finally, fourth, you select and implement the solution that best addresses the problem.
Following this basic four-step process will help you approach every problem you encounter with the same rigorous critical and strategic thinking process, recognize commonalities in new problems, and avoid repeating past mistakes.
In addition to these basic problem solving skills, there are several best practices that you should incorporate. These problem solving approaches can help you think more critically and creatively about any problem:
You may not feel like you have the right expertise to resolve a specific problem. Don’t let that stop you from tackling it. The best problem solvers become students of the problem at hand. Even if you don’t have particular expertise on a topic, your unique experience and perspective can lend itself to creative solutions.
Challenge the status quo
Standard problem solving methodologies and problem solving frameworks are a good starting point. But don’t be afraid to challenge assumptions and push boundaries. Good problem solvers find ways to apply existing best practices into innovative problem solving approaches.
Think broadly about and visualize the issue
Sometimes it’s hard to see a problem, even if it’s right in front of you. Clear answers could be buried in rows of spreadsheet data or lost in miscommunication. Use visualization as a problem solving tool to break down problems to their core elements. Visuals can help you see bottlenecks in the context of the whole process and more clearly organize your thoughts as you define the problem.
Hypothesize, test, and try again
It might be cliche, but there’s truth in the old adage that 99% of inspiration is perspiration. The best problem solvers ask why, test, fail, and ask why again. Whether it takes one or 1,000 iterations to solve a problem, the important part—and the part that everyone remembers—is the solution.
Consider other viewpoints
Today’s problems are more complex, more difficult to solve, and they often involve multiple disciplines. They require group expertise and knowledge. Being open to others’ expertise increases your ability to be a great problem solver. Great solutions come from integrating your ideas with those of others to find a better solution. Excellent problem solvers build networks and know how to collaborate with other people and teams. They are skilled in bringing people together and sharing knowledge and information.
4 effective problem solving tools
As you work through the problem solving steps, try these tools to better define the issue and find the appropriate solution.
Root cause analysis
Similar to pulling weeds from your garden, if you don’t get to the root of the problem, it’s bound to come back. A root cause analysis helps you figure out the root cause behind any disruption or problem, so you can take steps to correct the problem from recurring. The root cause analysis process involves defining the problem, collecting data, and identifying causal factors to pinpoint root causes and arrive at a solution.
Less structured than other more traditional problem solving methods, the 5 Whys is simply what it sounds like: asking why over and over to get to the root of an obstacle or setback. This technique encourages an open dialogue that can trigger new ideas about a problem, whether done individually or with a group. Each why piggybacks off the answer to the previous why. Get started with the template below—both flowcharts and fishbone diagrams can also help you track your answers to the 5 Whys.
Brainstorming
A meeting of the minds, a brain dump, a mind meld, a jam session. Whatever you call it, collaborative brainstorming can help surface previously unseen issues, root causes, and alternative solutions. Create and share a mind map with your team members to fuel your brainstorming session.
Gap analysis
Sometimes you don’t know where the problem is until you determine where it isn’t. Gap filling helps you analyze inadequacies that are preventing you from reaching an optimized state or end goal. For example, a content gap analysis can help a content marketer determine where holes exist in messaging or the customer experience. Gap analysis is especially helpful when it comes to problem solving because it requires you to find workable solutions. A SWOT analysis chart that looks at a problem through the lens of strengths, opportunities, opportunities, and threats can be a helpful problem solving framework as you start your analysis.
A better way to problem solve
Beyond these practical tips and tools, there are myriad methodical and creative approaches to move a project forward or resolve a conflict. The right approach will depend on the scope of the issue and your desired outcome.
Depending on the problem, Lucidchart offers several templates and diagrams that could help you identify the cause of the issue and map out a plan to resolve it. Learn more about how Lucidchart can help you take control of your problem solving process .
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Related posts:
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Solve issues faster with the root cause analysis process
IMAGES
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COMMENTS
Problem solving is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution. The problem-solving process Problem solving resources Problem Solving Chart The Problem-Solving Process
Problem solving is a basic task for the project management. It is a process for developing and applying a solution for the occurred problems. The probability of the success rises, if a particular method is implemented to the project work. The problem solving can be described in the following steps.
What Is Problem-Solving? At its simplest, the meaning of problem-solving is the process of defining a problem, determining its cause, and implementing a solution. The definition of problem-solving is rooted in the fact that as humans, we exert control over our environment through solutions.
Problem solving is the art of identifying problems and implementing the best possible solutions. Revisiting your problem-solving skills may be the missing piece to leveraging the performance of your business, achieving Lean success, or unlocking your professional potential.
Problem solving is a project manager skill that facilitates effective problem solving by combining creative thinking and strong analytical skills. CONTENT Problem-solving techniques: a 5-step approach Problem solving step 1: Problem definition Problem solving step 2: Cause determination Problem solving step 3: Ideas generation
Problem-solving is the process of observing what is going on in your environment; identifying things that could be changed or improved. kepner-tregoe Problem-solving in project management is a strategic process. Hence, you can't achieve that skill overnight.
When employers talk about problem-solving skills, they are often referring to the ability to handle difficult or unexpected situations in the workplace as well as complex business challenges. Organizations rely on people who can assess both kinds of situations and calmly identify solutions.
Problem solving is the core thing software developers do. The programming languages and tools they use are secondary to this fundamental skill. V. Anton Spraul defines problem solving in programming as: Problem solving is writing an original program that performs a particular set of tasks and meets all stated constraints.
Creative problem-solving helps overcome unforeseen challenges and find solutions to unconventional problems. Fueling innovation and growth: In addition to solutions, creative problem-solving can spark innovative ideas that drive company growth.
The " Problem Statement " stage is a collaborative effort to define the scope of the problem. It is an opportunity to engage with stakeholders through interviews and workshops with the goal...
"A project is a problem scheduled for solution." - Joseph M. Juran Problem Solving is one of the Tools & Techniques used for Managing Quality and Controlling Resources. Modules 8 and 9 of the PM PrepCast cover Project Quality Management and Project Resource Management.
Problem solving is a process for analysing a problem, and then developing and executing a solution. It is a task at which project managers must excel. There are many techniques that can be used for problem solving. The nature of the problem determines which is selected.
Project Solution Definition Definition: The group or individual that has an understanding or can recognize workable solutions to the defined problems. Solution definition should not take place without the completion of the previous step, Problem Definition.
Problem Solving Meaning Theory and Strategies - Finding answers to difficulties that arise in daily life is referred to as problem−solving in psychology. These issues typically have context- or situation−specific solutions. Issue discovery and problem shaping, where the problem is identified and streamlined, are the first steps in the process
Problem solving is a way of identifying and finding effective solutions to overcome the problems at hand. Basically, this ability is related to various other abilities such as listening, analyzing, researching, creativity, communication, teamwork and decision making skills. According to Oemar Hamalik, the meaning of problem solving is a mental ...
A problem-solving approach is a technique people use to better understand the problems they face and to develop optimal solutions. They empower people to devise more innovative solutions by helping them overcome old or binary ways of thinking. Related: How To Create Your Own Problem-Solving Process
A3 problem solving is a Lean approach to reporting issues and presenting ways of addressing them. The simple method, developed by Toyota, bases on documenting a problem, together with its current outcome and a suggested change, on a single sheet of A3 paper (420x297mm), giving it the name. You can use it to make a process change proposal ...
Problem solving is the process of a problem analysis and resolving it in the best way possible for that situation. This process contains analysing the problem ( root cause analysis ), defining countermeasures for the problem and implementing the right solution for that situation. For problem solving, people need critical thinking and analytical ...
The goal of the project is to acquire understanding regarding the meaning and significance of research methodology. ... understanding the meaning and significance of problem-solving skills ...
First, you must define the problem. This step sounds obvious, but often, you can notice that something is amiss in a project or process without really knowing where the core problem lies. The most challenging part of the problem solving process is uncovering where the problem originated. Second, you work to generate alternatives to address the ...