summarizing paraphrasing and quoting ppt

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How to incorporate others ideas in your writing by quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing to avoid plagiarism.

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• 1. 24th March, 2017 Zakir Hossain Teacher-Librarian Quoting paraphrasing summarizing Academic Writing
• 2. Why should you use and acknowledge the work of others?  Why do you think you should incorporate the ideas of others into your writing?  Why is it important that you acknowledge these ideas? Share your thoughts in the discussion.
• 3. When you use and acknowledge the work of others, you:  Make meaningful connections between other authors’ ideas and your own.  Question and evaluate the ideas of other authors.  Provide credibility for your work and allow your lecturer to track down the original sources.  Provide evidence that your ideas or argument are backed up or supported.  Give credit to the original author or authors.© The University of Auckland
• 4. How to integrate others’ ideas? Quoting, paraphrasing and summariz ing are three main ways of integrating others’ ideas in your own academic work.
• 5. Glossary • In-text (in-line) citation acknowledges your source in the main body of your document e.g. (Hossain 209)  Reference is the details of a particular in-text citation e.g. Hossain, Zakir. "Towards a lifelong learning society through reading promotion: Opportunities and challenges for libraries and community learning centres in Viet Nam." International Review of Education 62.2 (2016): 205-219.  Works Cited (Bibliography) is the list of references arranged alphabetically.
• 6. Glossary  Quoting is reproducing words from another source using exactly the same wording, spelling, punctuation, capitalisation and paragraphing.  Paraphrasing is introducing ideas from another source in your own words.  Summarising is a short and concise representation of the key ideas of source material, in your own words.
• 7. How to integrate a quote?  To integrate a quote correctly you should:  Use a signal phrase such as “According to Smith (2008) …”, “Smith (2008) reports …”  Demonstrate the relevance of the quote to your writing by using an introductory phrase or by providing commentary on the quote.  Include quotation marks.  Incorporate a short quote into a paragraph or *indent a longer quote.  Include the number of the page or paragraph where you found the quote.  Demonstrate any changes you have made to the quote, such as shortening it by omitting sections.  Cite and reference it. © The University of Auckland
• 8. Citing a direct quotation When directly quoting a source, place the parenthetical citation after the quote. Example: Sanders explains that economic woes are due to “the mortgage crisis and poor risk assessment” (20).
• 9. Citing a long quote The use of nuclear weapons in today’s society is strikingly alarming. Though the United States is the only country to employ it in the past, they are at the same time the country that condemns its use the most. While this may seem hypocritical, is it the most proper action for the United States to make as the global leader (19). *indented a longer quote Scientists have warned that the use of nuclear weapons pose the single biggest threat to the Earth's peace and environment. According to Taparia,
• 10. Shortening a long quote The use of nuclear weapons in today’s society is strikingly alarming. Though the United States is the . . . the most proper action for the United States to make as the global leader (19). *using ellipses to short a longer quote Scientists have warned that the use of nuclear weapons pose the single biggest threat to the Earth's peace and environment. According to Taparia,
• 11. Quoting (Ture/False)  Quoting is reproducing words from another source using exactly the same wording, spelling, punctuation, capitalisation and paragraphing.  I should quote when I need to add emphasis or focus to an argument. T/F  I should quote all the time - so that I can show that I have done my research thoroughly. T/F  Quotations should be used rarely and selectively. T/F  I should quote to incorporate an idea that would lose its effectiveness if paraphrased or summarised. T/F  If I use a relevant well-placed quotation it will add value to my argument. T/F
• 12. How to integrate a paraphrase? When paraphrasing, it is important to keep the original meaning and to present it in a new form. Basically, you are simply writing something in your own words that expresses the original idea.  Underline key points in the original source.  List the main ideas or concepts.  Come up with alternative phrases and synonyms to describe the ideas.  Rewrite and reorder these ideas in your own words.  Use a signal phrase where necessary to embed the author’s name, eg Smith (1996) states….. As indicated by Townsend and Parks (2013)….  Cite and reference.
• 13. Paraphrasing a sentence Original text Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay and they can consume 75 pounds of food a day. Paraphrase A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves and hay everyday.
• 14. Paraphrasing a paragraph Original text Emery (2008) notes that librarians who participate in social media are likely to know what their colleagues in other institutions are working on and can easily identify services and applications that can be localized more readily to their own work environment. In other words, experiences acquired from colleagues at an international level, can be shared at the local level which then feeds into service development at a local level. Paraphrase According to a claim by Emery (27), librarians who follow professional groups and pages on social media are most likely to identify what their colleagues in other institutions are focusing on which can be localized more readily to their own work without reinventing the wheel. In other words, experiences can be shared at the local level that gained from colleagues at an international level, which then feeds into service development at a local level and vice-versa (Zakir 19).
• 15. Paraphrasing (True/Flase)  Paraphrasing is introducing ideas from another source in your own words. I should paraphrase if I want to change the organisation of another author’s words or ideas for emphasis. T/F I should paraphrase to change the original meaning of another author’s words, ideas and thoughts. T/F I should paraphrase to simplify and clarify the original material. T/F I should paraphrase to back up, support or prove my ideas. T/F I should paraphrase to make it clear I understand the author’s point of view. T/F
• 16. What is summarising? Summarising is a short and concise representation of the key ideas of source material, in your own words.  A summary is shorter than the original text and provides an overview of the subject matter.  To summarise correctly, you will include only the key ideas and omit the details.  Summaries need to be referenced, just like paraphrases and quotations. © The University of Auckland
• 17. How to summarise?  Identify the key ideas in the original source.  Write down the key ideas in your own words or use quote marks if replicating original text for emphasis.  Do not add your own reflections on the original text, summarise only.  Remind the reader that someone else has written the original piece of writing throughout your summary: Smith (2009) states…, She further indicates…  Cite and reference the original source. © The University of Auckland
• 18. Summarising (True/Flase)  I should summarise when I want to change the meaning of the original text. T/F  I should summarise when I want to condense large amounts of information accurately into the smallest number of words possible. T/F  I should summarise when I want to present the key ideas of the original source in brief. T/F
• 19. Some examples to compare The original passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. A legitimate paraphrase: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47). An acceptable summary: Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47). © OWL- Purdue online writing lab
• 20. Paraphrase VS Summerise
• 21. • Ideally, no more than 25 percent of your paper should be direct quotations.. • Paraphrase as much as you can.. • Use direct quotations when citing a statistic or original theory.. • Use author's words if they capture a point exactly.. Quick tips
• 22. What you learned today 1. Quoting 2. Paraphrasing 3. Summerising Good Luck building your research paper. Use your EEC/DPC—we can help you be Successful!
• 23. Cited works OWL. “Purdue online writing lab.” [Paraphrase: Write It in Your Own Words: Some examples to compare]. Retrieved on Jul 23, 2017 from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/619/1/ Stephen, Jason. “Academic Integrity.” [week 3: Achieving with integrity: using the works of others]. MOOC offered by University of Auckland. Retrieved on Jul 23, 2017 from https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/academic- integrity/10/todo/8323 Questions? Corrections? Contact Zakir, [email protected]
• 24. www.getepic.com/sign- in XZM-3342

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Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Using Direct Quotes

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Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing

Quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing an introduction what s the difference quotations must be identical to the original. they must match the source document word ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• An Introduction
• Quotations must be identical to the original. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author.
• Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
• Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.
• provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing
• refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing
• give examples of several points of view on a subject
• call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with
• highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original
• distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your own
• expand the breadth or depth of your writing
• Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas.
• Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is.
• Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay.
• Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly
• A paraphrase is...
• your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form.
• one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source.
• a more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.
• Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because...
• it is better than quoting information from an undistinguished passage.
• it helps you control the temptation to quote too much.
• the mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original.
• 6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing
• 1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.
• 2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.
• 3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.
• 4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.
• 5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.
• 6. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
• A summary is much shorter than the original text. It should communicate the main idea of the text and the main supporting points written in your own words. in a very brief form. It should give someone who has not read the original a clear and accurate overview of the text.
• To summarize
• Record the author, title, year of publication and source of the text.
• Skim the text. Note any sub-headings, or try to divide the text into sections.
• Read the text carefully. Use a dictionary if necessary, and be prepared to read very difficult texts more than once.
• Pay special attention to the first and last paragraphs. Try to identify the main idea or argument.
• Identify the topic sentence in each paragraph.
• Identify the main support for the topic sentence.
• Write the topic sentence of your summary. Include the authors name, the title of the text, the year of publication and the authors main idea or argument
• Plagiarism is using others ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information.
• To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use
• another persons idea, opinion, or theory
• any facts, statistics, graphs, drawingsany pieces of informationthat are not common knowledge
• quotations of another persons actual spoken or written words or
• paraphrase of another persons spoken or written words.
• Heres the ORIGINAL text, from page 1 of Lizzie Borden A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s by Joyce Williams et al.
• The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade.
• Heres an UNACCEPTABLE paraphrase that is plagiarism
• The increase of industry, the growth of cities, and the explosion of the population were three large factors of nineteenth century America. As steam-driven companies became more visible in the eastern part of the country, they changed farm hands into factory workers and provided jobs for the large wave of immigrants. With industry came the growth of large cities like Fall River where the Bordens lived which turned into centers of commerce and trade as well as production.
• The preceding passage is considered plagiarism for two reasons
• the writer has only changed around a few words and phrases, or changed the order of the originals sentences.
• the writer has failed to cite a source for any of the ideas or facts.
• If you do either or both of these things, you are plagiarizing.NOTE This paragraph is also problematic because it changes the sense of several sentences (for example, "steam-driven companies" in sentence two misses the originals emphasis on factories).
• The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade
• Heres an ACCEPTABLE paraphraseFall River, where the Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the nineteenth century. Steam-powered production had shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing, and as immigrants arrived in the US, they found work in these new factories. As a result, populations grew, and large urban areas arose. Fall River was one of these manufacturing and commercial centers (Williams 1).
• This is acceptable paraphrasing because the writer
• accurately relays the information in the original uses her own words.
• lets the reader know the source of his/her information.

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Paraphrasing and Summarizing

Paraphrasing and Summarizing. What is paraphrasing?. It is one way of incorporating borrowed information or ideas into your research paper. A paraphrase is putting someone else’s thoughts or words into your own words and voice.

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Presentation Transcript

What is paraphrasing? • It is one way of incorporating borrowed information or ideas into your research paper. • A paraphrase is putting someone else’s thoughts or words into your own words and voice. • It is a more detailed than a summary because it focuses not on the main points but more details. • It is a tool for ensuring that you fully understand what the original text said.

What paraphrasing is not! • Paraphrasing is not just inserting a few synonyms for some of the words in a passage. • It is not rearranging the order of the words in a sentence. • It is not taking someone else’s ideas or information, using them and then claiming them to be your own ideas. • Paraphrasing still requires you to cite where you found the idea or information.

How do I paraphrase? • Reread the original passage several times. It is okay to reread because that is a great skill to use when reading difficult material.It, also, gives you the chance to get a good grasp of what information is in the passage. • After you’ve read the passage several times, set it aside and write your own version. Don’t have the passage in front of you, or you will find yourself putting in too many of the same words or just inserting synonyms.

How do I paraphrase? • Write down a word or two to remind you of where you will want to use this information in the paper. If you don’t do this step, then when you start to write the paper, you’ll forget why you found that information so important. • Look at the original passage and make certain your paraphrase accurately captures the important information in a new form. • If you borrowed a few unique terms or phrases from the source, then go ahead and put quotation marks around those words.

How do I paraphrase? • Be sure you record the source (including the page if is a book or a paragraph number if it is a database or website). • Remember even though you are paraphrasing, or using you own words and voice, you still must cite your source. If you don’t cite your source, then you have committed PLAGIARISM!

What is the difference between paraphrasing and summarizing? • Summarizing, like paraphrasing, takes ideas and information and requires you to put information into your own words and voice. • Summarizing is not as detailed as paraphrasing. • It has you put the main points of a passage in your own words. It is a broad overview of the material.

Summaries: Capture an entire article • Paraphrase: Capture a chunk of information (similar to a summary) If you use words that are unique to the author, be sure to use quotation marks around those words. But “” should never be around several sentences. • Direct Quotes: Capture a significant sentence from article.

Direct Quotes and Internal Citations • What do you need: • Parenthesis • Author’s Name (only last) • No author, no problem – Use an abbreviated title • Page # • Quotation marks around direct quotes • THE PERIOD IS AFTER THE CLOSING PARENTHSIS. • EX. • Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings"(Ralph 263).

Summarizing and Paraphrasing Assignment • 1. Read the article “ The NCAA Weekend’s Biggest Winner” • 2. On a separate sheet of paper, apply what you have learned about DIRECT QUOTES, SUMMARIZING, AND PARAPHRASING. Requirements: • Summarize the entire article • Within your summary, use quotation marks to paraphrase material from article – boxed and labeled • You will also need to find 2 significant sentences that you will use for Direct Quotes with the correct format – highlight sentences Paraphrased material and Direct Quotes must be cited