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Case Study – Personality Disorders
This client's session was based around detachment of relationships, little to no social interaction, as well as, emotional disconnection. The client discontentedly reports that he came to counseling to make his mom happy, as she is always nagging him to find a spouse . The client reports never "wanting" a romantic relationship, as "it's not a big deal" . When the client is asked about friends, the client reports he "knows people" and he can be his "own best friend", however he expresses disinterest in engaging in activity with others (Laureate Education, 2012). The client also reports no interest in other family connections besides his mother and he equates his lack of friends to his childhood, as he reports his father would "yell" at him while he played with other kids . The client reports that Another supporting feature in schizoid personality disorder is that individuals seem "directionless" in relation to their life plans, however they do well in isolated work conditions ). This...
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5) Section III offers an alternative model for the diagnosis of personality disorders (PDs), including 25 pathological personality trait facets organized into 5 trait domains. To maintain continuity with the categorical PD diagnoses found in DSM–5 Section II, specified sets of facets are configured into familiar PD types. The current study aimed to evaluate the continuity across the Section II and III models of PDs. A sample of 142 psychiatric outpatients were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 and rated with the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM–IV Axis II disorders. We investigated whether the DSM–5 Section III facet-profiles would be associated with their respective Section II counterparts, as well as determining whether additional facets could augment the prediction of the Section II disorders. Results showed that, overall, the interview-rated DSM–5 Section II disorders were most strongly associated with expected self-reported Section III traits. Results also supported the addition of facets not included in the proposed Section III PD criteria. These findings partly underscore the continuity between the Section II and III models of PDs and suggest how it may be enhanced; however, additional research is needed to further evaluate where continuity exists, where it does not exist, and how the traits system could be improved.
Objective: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) includes a heterogeneous constellation of symptoms operationalized with 9 categorical criteria. As the field of personality disorder (PD) research moves to emphasize dimensional traits in its oper-ationalization, it is important to delineate continuity between the 9 DSM-IV/Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) categorical criteria for BPD and the trait dimensions in DSM-5 Section III. To date, no study has attempted such validation. Methods: We examined the associations between the 9 categorical DSM-IV/DSM-5 criteria for BPD and the trait dimensions of the alternative DSM-5 model for PDs in consecutively recruited psychiatric outpatients (N ¼ 142; 68% female; age: mean 29.02, SD 8.38). This was investigated by means of bivariate correlations, followed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The categorical BPD criteria were associated with conceptually related DSM-5 Section III traits (P > 0.001), except for the criterion of chronic feelings of emptiness. Consistent with the proposed traits criteria for BPD in DSM-5 Section III, we found Emotional lability, Anxiousness, Separation insecurity, Depressivity, Impulsivity, Risk taking, and Hostility to capture conceptually coherent BPD categorical criteria, while Suspiciousness was also strongly associated with BPD criteria. At the domain level, this applied to Negative affectivity, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism. Notably, Emotional lability, Impulsivity, and Suspiciousness emerged as unique predictors of BPD (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In addition to the proposed BPD traits criteria, Suspiciousness and features of Psychoticism also augment BPD features. Provided that these findings are replicated in forthcoming research, a modified traits operationalization of BPD is warranted. Abré gé Objectif : Le trouble de la personnalité limite (TPL) comprend une constellation hétérogène de symptô mes concrétisés par neuf critères diagnostiques. Comme le domaine de la recherche sur les troubles de la personnalité tente de mettre l'accent sur les traits dimensionnels dans son opérationalisation, il est important de délimiter la continuité entre les neuf critères diag-nostiques du DSM-IV/DSM-5 pour le TPL et les dimensions de traits du chapitre 3 du DSM-5. Jusqu'ici, aucune e ´tude n'a tenté cette validation. Mé thode : Nous avons examiné l'association entre les 9 critères diagnostiques du DSM-IV/DSM-5 pour le TPL et les dimensions de traits du nouveau modèle du DSM-5 pour les troubles de la personnalité (TP) chez des patients psychiatriques externes recrutés consécutivement (N ¼ 142; 68% femmes; a ˆge M ¼ 29,02; ET ¼ 8,38). Cette recherche s'est faite a ` l'aide de corrélations bivariées suivies d'une analyse de régression logistique multiple.
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PSY 360 Mercer University Atlanta Margaret Personality Disorders Case Study Analysis
Case Study # 2: Personality Disorders – MargaretDirections: Use your knowledge of personality disorders to identify symptoms and provide a diagnosis based on the details presented in the case summary. CASE SUMMARY Name: Margaret Age: 58 Sex: Female Family: Single Occupation: Self-employed, carpentry Presenting problem: Sister’s concern: Margaret has lived a relatively isolated existence ever since she graduated from high school and moved out. Prior to that time, she didn’t seem to fit in with her family very well. Her brothers and sisters are all gregarious and outgoing, while Margaret prefers to be alone. These days, she barely bothers maintaining contact with her family. The only person she regularly talks with is her younger sister, Karen. Margaret reports that the only reason she sought out a clinician was because she promised Karen that she would. Her family is distraught and angry over Margaret’s reaction to the news of their father’s recent passing. When told about it, Margaret flatly responded, “Well, everyone dies at some point.” Margaret reports that she doesn’t hate, or even dislike, her family. At the same time, it’s clear that she doesn’t feel any particular affinity for them, either. If it weren’t for her sister’s continual efforts to keep in touch, Margaret would probably be completely estranged. This emotional coldness and distance extends to other parts of Margaret’s life as well. She has a few friends but, overall, seems rather disinterested in maintaining relationships with others. When people try to engage her in conversation, she can come across as cold or aloof, even though she’s never overtly rude. Margaret has a steady job as a carpenter. She works by herself, and most of her business is generated through recommendations from former customers. I looked up some online reviews, and most were very similar. Here’s a typical one: “We needed some custom shelves built, and while Margaret did great, high-quality work, she wasn’t very personable. She basically kept her nose to the grindstone and seemed kind of annoyed at my attempts to talk to her. On the plus side, she finished the job earlier than expected! Would definitely recommend if you want someone to just come in and get it done right.” When asked about these reviews, she bluntly stated that it didn’t matter to her one way or another. She said that she always delivers exactly what the contract states, and if her clients don’t like it, it’s their problem. Her work ethic is very strong, and she rarely takes any time off. When asked why, she claims that she likes to stay busy and doesn’t have any interests outside of work. On the whole, Margaret is not very introspective, and her attitude is grounded in practicality and matter-of-factness. She shows no interest in pursuing romantic or sexual relationships. In fact, such things seem almost foreign to her. According to her sister, Margaret is “mostly cordial” toward her neighbors. She says that Margaret does her thing, and they do theirs. Nevertheless, her bluntness and general demeanor can rub some people the wrong way. Personality disorders often affect a patient’s behavior, interpersonal relations, thoughts, and emotions. Which of the following best describes Margaret’s emotional state? Her emotional state is highly unstable and unpredictable. She is profoundly negative and has difficulty feeling good about anything. Her emotions are flat and border on being nonexistent. Diagnostic criteria checklist Some of the symptoms associated with various personality disorders are summarized as follows. In the Present column, indicate which symptoms are clearly present in Margaret’s case. Check all that apply. Symptom Shows no desire to form or maintain close interpersonal relationships Avoids social interactions due to perceived sense of inadequacy Fails or refuses to conform to social norms of lawful compliance Shows no pleasure in social or recreational activities Avoids unnecessary social interactions and relationships Explain your reasoning: Potential diagnosis Present According to the full diagnostic criteria listed by the DSM–5 for personality disorders (not just the symptoms highlighted in the previous question), Margaret appears to meet the criteria for a diagnosis of________________________. Explain your reasoning: Chapter 12 Personality Disorders Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Outline An Overview of Personality Disorders • Aspects of Personality Disorders • Cluster A Personality Disorders • Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal • Cluster B Personality Disorders • Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic • Cluster C Personality Disorders • Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Focus Questions • What are the essential features of personality disorders? • What are the features of odd or eccentric personality disorders? • What are the features of dramatic, emotional and erratic personality disorders? • What are the features of anxious or fearful personality disorders? Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. What are Personality Disorders? • A persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions, and behavior that results in enduring emotional distress for the person affected and/or for others and may cause difficulties with work and relationships Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders: An Overview (slide 1 of 2) • • • • • Enduring, inflexible predispositions Maladaptive, causing distress and/or impairment High comorbidity with other disorders Generally poor prognosis Ego-syntonic: Unlike other disorders, often feel consistent with one’s identity; patients don’t feel that treatment is necessary • 10 specific personality disorders organized into 3 clusters Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Categorical and Dimensional Models • “Kind” vs. “Degree” • Personality disorders have traditionally been assigned as all-or-nothing categories • DSM-5 retained categorical diagnoses but also introduced additional dimensional model of personality disorders • Dimensional model: Individuals are rated on the degree to which they exhibit various personality traits Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Categorical and Dimensional Models, Continued • Cross-cultural research establishes the universal nature of the five dimensions • Five factor model of personality (“Big Five”) • Openness to experience • Conscientiousness • Extraversion • Agreeableness • Neuroticism Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders: An Overview (slide 2 of 2) • DSM-5 personality disorder clusters • Cluster A – odd or eccentric cluster • Cluster B – dramatic, emotional, erratic cluster • Cluster C – fearful or anxious cluster Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders: Statistics • Prevalence of personality disorders • Affects about 10% of the general population • Origins and course of personality disorders • Thought to begin in childhood • Tend to run a chronic course if untreated • May transition into a different personality disorder Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders: Statistics, Continued • Gender distribution and gender bias in diagnosis • Men more often show traits like aggression and detachment; women more often show submission and insecurity • Antisocial – more often male • Histrionic – equal numbers of male and female • Comorbidity is the rule, not the exception • Often have two or more personality disorders or an additional mood or anxiety disorder Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders Under Study • Sadistic: Enjoy inflicting pain • Passive-aggressive: Defiant, undermine authority • Further research is needed Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. DSM-5 Personality Disorders • Cluster A = Odd or Eccentric • Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders • Cluster B = Dramatic or Erratic • Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders • Cluster C = Anxious or Fearful • Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Pervasive and unjustified mistrust and suspicion • Few meaningful relationships, sensitive to criticism • Poor quality of life Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder Causes • Causes • Not well understood • May involve early learning that people and the world are dangerous or deceptive • Cultural factors: more often found in people with experiences that lead to mistrust of other • Prisoners • Refugees • People with hearing impairments • Older adults Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder Treatment • Treatment options • Few seek professional help on their own • Treatment focuses on development of trust • Cognitive therapy to counter negativistic thinking • Lack of good outcome studies Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships • Very limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations • Significant overlap with Autism Spectrum • The causes • Etiology is unclear • Childhood shyness • Preference for social isolation resembles autism Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder Causes • Causes • Etiology is unclear due to scarcity of research • Childhood shyness is usually present • Some individuals experienced abuse or neglect in childhood • Preference for social isolation resembles autism Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder Treatment • Treatment options • Few seek professional help on their own • Focus on the value of interpersonal relationships • Building empathy and social skills • Lack of good outcome studies Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Behavior and dress is odd and unusual • Socially isolated and highly suspicious • Magical thinking, ideas of reference, and illusions • Many meet criteria for major depression • Some conceptualize this as resembling a milder form of schizophrenia Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Causes • Causes • Mild expression of schizophrenia genes? • May be more likely to develop after childhood maltreatment or trauma, especially in men • More generalized brain deficits may be present (e.g., problems with learning or memory) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Treatment • Treatment options • Address comorbid depression • Schizotypal personality disorder significantly increases the risk for developing major depressive disorder • Main focus is combination of antipsychotic medication, cognitive behavior therapy, and social skills training Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Antisocial Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Failure to comply with social norms • Violation of the rights of others • Irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful • Lack of a conscience, empathy, and remorse • “Sociopathy,” “psychopathy” typically refer to this disorder or very similar traits • May be very charming, interpersonally manipulative Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Criminality in Antisocial Psychopaths Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Antisocial Personality Disorder, Continued • Often show early histories of behavioral problems, including conduct disorder • “Callous-unemotional” type of conduct disorder more likely to evolve into antisocial PD • Families with inconsistent parental discipline and support • Families often have histories of criminal and violent behavior • Recent research suggests that psychopathy is a less reliable predictor of criminality Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Neurobiological Contributions to Antisocial Personality • Prevailing neurobiological theories • Underarousal hypothesis – cortical arousal is too low • Cortical immaturity hypothesis – cerebral cortex is not fully developed • Fearlessness hypothesis – fail to respond to danger cues • Gray’s model: Inhibition signals are outweighed by reward signals Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Development of Antisocial Personality • Genetic influences • More likely to develop antisocial behavior if parents have a history of antisocial behavior or criminality • Developmental influences • High-conflict childhood increases likelihood of APD in at-risk children Impaired fear conditioning • Children who develop APD may not adequately learn to fear aversive consequences of negative actions (e.g., punishment for setting fires) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Development of Antisocial Personality, Continued • Arousal theory • People with APD are chronically under-aroused and seek stimulation from the types of activities that would be too fearful or aversive for most • Psychological and social influences • In research studies, psychopaths are less likely to give up when goal becomes unattainable – may explain why they persist with behavior (e.g. crime) that is punished Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Development of Antisocial Personality, Part 3 • APD is the result of multiple interacting factors • Mutual biological-environmental influence • Early antisocial behavior alienates peers who would otherwise serve as corrective role models • Antisocial behavior and family stress mutually increase one another Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Treatment of Antisocial Personality • • • • • Few seek treatment on their own Antisocial behavior is predictive of poor prognosis Emphasis is placed on prevention and rehabilitation Often incarceration is the only viable alternative May need to focus on practical (or selfish) consequences (e.g., if you assault someone you’ll go to prison) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Unstable moods and relationships • Impulsivity, fear of abandonment, very poor self-image • Self-mutilation and suicidal gestures • Comorbidity rates are high with other mental disorders, particularly mood disorders Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder, Continued • Comorbid disorders • 80% borderline patients also have major depression; 10% are bipolar • Suicide attempts – 10% • 67% are diagnosed with at least one Substance Use Disorder • Eating disorders • 25% of bulimia patients have borderline personality disorder • 20% have anorexia Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder Causes • Causes • Strong genetic component • Also linked to depression genetically • High emotional reactivity may be inherited • May have impaired functioning of limbic system • Early trauma/abuse increase risk • Many BPD patients have high levels of shame and low self esteem Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder Causes, Continued • “Triple vulnerability” model of anxiety applies to borderline personality too • Results form the combination of: • generalized biological vulnerability (reactivity) • generalized psychological vulnerability (lash out when threatened) • specific psychological vulnerability (stressors that elicit borderline behavior) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder Treatment • Treatment options – few good outcome studies • Antidepressant medications provide some shortterm relief • Dialectical behavior therapy is most promising treatment • Focus on dual reality of acceptance of difficulties and need for change • Focus on interpersonal effectiveness • Focus on distress tolerance to decrease reckless/self-harming behavior Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Histrionic Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Overly dramatic and sensational • May be sexually provocative • Often impulsive and need to be the center of attention • Thinking and emotions are perceived as shallow • More commonly diagnosed in females Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Histrionic Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes • Etiology unknown due to lack of research • Often co-occurs with antisocial PD • Feminine variant of antisocial traits? • Treatment options • Focus on attention seeking and long-term negative consequences • Targets may also include problematic interpersonal behaviors • Little evidence that treatment is effective Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Narcissistic Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Exaggerated and unreasonable sense of selfimportance • Preoccupation with receiving attention • Lack sensitivity and compassion for other people • Highly sensitive to criticism; envious and arrogant Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes are largely unknown • Failure to learn empathy as a child • Sociological view – product of the “me” generation • Treatment options • Focus on grandiosity, lack of empathy, unrealistic thinking • Emphasize realistic goals and coping skills for dealing with criticism • Little evidence that treatment is effective Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Avoidant Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Extreme sensitivity to the opinions of others • Highly avoidant of most interpersonal relationships • Interpersonally anxious and fearful of rejection • Low self esteem Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Avoidant Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes • May be linked to schizophrenia; occurs more often in relatives of people with schizophrenia • Experiences of early rejection • Childhood experiences of neglect, isolation, rejection, and conflict with others • Treatment • Similar to treatment for social phobia • Focus on social skills, entering anxiety-provoking situations • Good relationship with therapist is important Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Dependent Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Reliance on others to make major and minor life decisions • Unreasonable fear of abandonment • Clingy and submissive in interpersonal relationships Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Dependent Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes • Not well understood due to lack of research • Linked to early disruptions in learning independence • Treatment options • Research on treatment efficacy is lacking • Therapy typically progresses gradually due to lack of independence Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Excessive and rigid fixation on doing things the right way • Highly perfectionistic, orderly, and emotionally shallow • Unwilling to delegate tasks because others will do them wrong • Difficulty with spontaneity • Often have interpersonal problems • Obsessions and compulsions are rare Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes are not well known • Moderate genetic contribution • Treatment • Treatment targets include cognitive reappraisal techniques to reframe compulsive thoughts • Target rumination, procrastination, and feelings of inadequacy Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Summary of Personality Disorders • Long-standing patterns of behavior • Begin early in development and run a chronic course • Disagreement exists over how to categorize personality disorders • Categorical vs. dimensional, or some combination of both • For most, little is known about causes or treatment Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Module 12: Personality Disorders
Case studies: personality disorders, learning objectives.
- Identify personality disorders in case studies
Case Study: Latasha
Latasha was a 20-year-old college student who lived in the dorms on campus. Classmates described Latasha as absent-minded and geeky because she didn’t interact with others and rarely, if ever, engaged with classmates or professors in class. She usually raced back to her dorm as soon as classes were over. Latasha primarily stayed in her room, did not appear to have any friends, and had no interest in the events happening on campus. Latasha even asked for special permission to stay on campus when most students went home for Thanksgiving break.
Now let’s examine some fictional case studies.
Case Study: The Mad Hatter
The Mad Hatter, from Alice in Wonderland , appears to be living in a forest that is part of Alice’s dream. He appears to be in his mid-thirties, is Caucasian, and dresses vibrantly. The Mad Hatter climbs on a table, walks across it, and breaks plates and teacups along the way. He is rather protective of Alice; when the guards of the Queen of Hearts come, he hides Alice in a tea kettle. Upon making sure that Alice is safe, Mad Hatter puts her on his hat, after he had shrunk her, and takes her for a walk. While walking, he starts to talk about the Jabberwocky and becomes enraged when Alice tells him that she will not slay the Jabberwocky. Talking to Alice about why she needs to slay the Jabberwocky, the Mad Hatter becomes emotional and tells Alice that she has changed.
The Mad Hatter continues to go to lengths to protect Alice; he throws his hat with her on it across the field, so the Queen of Heart’s guards do not capture her. He lies to the Queen and indicates he has not seen Alice, although she is clearly sitting next to the Queen. He decides to charm the Queen, by telling her that he wants to make her a hat for her rather large head. Once the White Queen regained her land again, the Mad Hatter is happy.
Case Study: The Grinch
The Grinch, who is a bitter and cave-dwelling creature, lives on the snowy Mount Crumpits, a high mountain north of Whoville. His age is undisclosed, but he looks to be in his 40s and does not have a job. He normally spends a lot of his time alone in his cave. He is often depressed and spends his time avoiding and hating the people of Whoville and their celebration of Christmas. He disregards the feelings of the people, knowingly steals and destroys their property, and finds pleasure in doing so. We do not know his family history, as he was abandoned as a child, but he was taken in by two ladies who raised him with a love for Christmas. He is green and fuzzy, so he stands out among the Whos, and he was often ridiculed for his looks in school. He does not maintain any social relationships with his friends and family. The only social companion the Grinch has is his dog, Max. The Grinch had no goal in his life except to stop Christmas from happening. There is no history of drug or alcohol use.
- Modification, adaptation, and original content. Authored by : Julie Manley for Lumen Learning. Provided by : Lumen Learning. License : CC BY: Attribution
- Case Studies: The Grinch. Authored by : Dr. Caleb Lack and students at the University of Central Oklahoma and Arkansas Tech University. Located at : https://courses.lumenlearning.com/abnormalpsychology/chapter/antisocial-personality-disorder/ . License : CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
- The Mad Hatter. Authored by : Loren Javier. Located at : https://www.flickr.com/photos/lorenjavier/4031000212/ . License : CC BY-ND: Attribution-NoDerivatives
- The Grinch. Located at : https://pixy.org/1066311/ . License : CC0: No Rights Reserved
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The following balance sheet for the Hubbard Corporation was prepared by the company:
HUBBARD CORPORATION Balance Sheet At December 31, 2021 Assets Buildings $ 750 , 000 Land 250 , 000 Cash 60 , 000 Accounts receivable (net) 120 , 000 Inventory 240 , 000 Machinery 280 , 000 Patent (net) 100 , 000 Investment in equity securities 60 , 000 Total assets $ 1 , 860 , 000 Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Accounts payable $ 215 , 000 Accumulated depreciation 255 , 000 Notes payable 500 , 000 Appreciation of inventory 80 , 000 Common stock (authorized and issued 100 , 000 shares of no par stock) 430 , 000 Retained earnings 380 , 000 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 1 , 860 , 000 \begin{array}{lr} \textbf { HUBBARD CORPORATION}\\ \textbf { Balance Sheet}\\ \textbf { At December 31, 2021}\\ \textbf { Assets}\\ \text { Buildings } & \$ 750,000 \\ \text { Land } & 250,000 \\ \text { Cash } & 60,000 \\ \text { Accounts receivable (net) } & 120,000 \\ \text { Inventory } & 240,000 \\ \text { Machinery } & 280,000 \\ \text { Patent (net) } & 100,000 \\ \text { Investment in equity securities } & 60,000 \\ \text { Total assets } & \$ 1,860,000 \\ \text { Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity }\\ \text { Accounts payable } & \$ 215,000 \\ \text { Accumulated depreciation } & 255,000 \\ \text { Notes payable } & 500,000 \\ \text { Appreciation of inventory } & 80,000 \\ \text { Common stock (authorized and issued } 100,000 \text { shares of no par stock) } & 430,000 \\ \text { Retained earnings } & 380,000 \\ \hline \text { Total liabilities and shareholders' equity } & \$ 1,860,000 \\ \hline \hline \end{array} HUBBARD CORPORATION Balance Sheet At December 31, 2021 Assets Buildings Land Cash Accounts receivable (net) Inventory Machinery Patent (net) Investment in equity securities Total assets Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Accounts payable Accumulated depreciation Notes payable Appreciation of inventory Common stock (authorized and issued 100 , 000 shares of no par stock) Retained earnings Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $750 , 000 250 , 000 60 , 000 120 , 000 240 , 000 280 , 000 100 , 000 60 , 000 $1 , 860 , 000 $215 , 000 255 , 000 500 , 000 80 , 000 430 , 000 380 , 000 $1 , 860 , 000
Additional Information:
- The buildings, land, and machinery are all stated at cost except for a parcel of land that the company is holding for future sale. The land originally cost $50,000 but, due to a significant increase in market value, is listed at$120,000. The increase in the land account was credited to retained earnings.
- The investment in equity securities account consists of stocks of other corporations and are recorded at cost, $20,000 of which will be sold in the coming year. The remainder will be held indefinitely.
- Notes payable are all long term. However, a$100,000 note requires an installment payment of $25,000 due in the coming year.
- Inventory is recorded at current resale value. The original cost of the inventory is$160,000.
Prepare a corrected classified balance sheet for the Hubbard Corporation at December 31, 2021. Include headings for each classification, as well as titles for each classification’s subtotal. An example of a classified balance
sheet can be found in the Concept Review Exercise at the end of Part A of this chapter.
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Personality Disorders: Case Study
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Usefulness and practicality of the treatment plan
In light of the patient’s personality disorder, the treatment plan that had been developed was not efficient and did not capture the needs of the patient. The above is affirmed by the fact that the treatment plan initially focused on the emotional part of the patient. Yet, it is clear that the patient does not care about the emotional focus but rather on his privacy and independence. That is why a focus on emotional closeness pushed the client away since it was not a major point of concern according to his personality disorder. Eventually , the hospital’s management realized that Mr. Everett was less concerned about the emotional aspects, and all he needed was privacy. After focusing more on the privacy and independence of the patient, he was able to hasten his recovery.
The strengths of the approach and weaknesses
The strengths of the approach include the fact that it makes it possible for the management to unravel the best treatment option for the patient since there is ample time for analysis. The above process minimizes errors and thereby making it possible for the clinicians to achieve the best solution in the end. The approach is, however, time-consuming, as evidenced by the fact that it took a lot of time to unearth the best treatment option for the patient. Some of the suggestions that should be considered include conducting an initial analysis on the patient before providing a treatment plan, which will not only enable the hospital setting to understand the patient in a better way but also enable them to unravel the best treatment option that should be considered. The above step will go a long way in enabling hospitals to avert errors and at the same time, reduce the amount of time consumed while crafting the best treatment option.
Whether the treatment plan balances the complex issues involved in protecting patients and enhancing their well-being, versus respecting their autonomy
The treatment plan does indeed balance the complexity of balancing the autonomy of the patient and safeguarding the well being of the patient. The above is revealed by the fact that it gives ample time for the hospital management to understand the patient. From the beginning, the well-being of the patient is the primary concern, while autonomy is also safeguarded. In the beginning, for instance, the patient was brought a room-mate but never changed. The physicians also tried to help him, but he always kept to himself, and it is here that the management realized that the patient required more autonomy.
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[SOLVED] PSY 360 Mercer University Atlanta Margaret Personality Disorders Case Study Analysis – Humanities
by admin | Aug 13, 2022 | Humanities
Case Study # 2: Personality Disorders – Margaret Directions: Use your knowledge of personality disorders to identify symptoms and provide a diagnosis based on the details presented in the case summary. CASE SUMMARY Name: Margaret Age: 58 Sex: Female Family: Single Occupation: Self-employed, carpentry Presenting problem: Sister’s concern: Margaret has lived a relatively isolated existence ever since she graduated from high school and moved out. Prior to that time, she didn’t seem to fit in with her family very well. Her brothers and sisters are all gregarious and outgoing, while Margaret prefers to be alone. These days, she barely bothers maintaining contact with her family. The only person she regularly talks with is her younger sister, Karen. Margaret reports that the only reason she sought out a clinician was because she promised Karen that she would. Her family is distraught and angry over Margaret’s reaction to the news of their father’s recent passing. When told about it, Margaret flatly responded, “Well, everyone dies at some point.” Margaret reports that she doesn’t hate, or even dislike, her family. At the same time, it’s clear that she doesn’t feel any particular affinity for them, either. If it weren’t for her sister’s continual efforts to keep in touch, Margaret would probably be completely estranged. This emotional coldness and distance extends to other parts of Margaret’s life as well. She has a few friends but, overall, seems rather disinterested in maintaining relationships with others. When people try to engage her in conversation, she can come across as cold or aloof, even though she’s never overtly rude. Margaret has a steady job as a carpenter. She works by herself, and most of her business is generated through recommendations from former customers. I looked up some online reviews, and most were very similar. Here’s a typical one: “We needed some custom shelves built, and while Margaret did great, high-quality work, she wasn’t very personable. She basically kept her nose to the grindstone and seemed kind of annoyed at my attempts to talk to her. On the plus side, she finished the job earlier than expected! Would definitely recommend if you want someone to just come in and get it done right.” When asked about these reviews, she bluntly stated that it didn’t matter to her one way or another. She said that she always delivers exactly what the contract states, and if her clients don’t like it, it’s their problem. Her work ethic is very strong, and she rarely takes any time off. When asked why, she claims that she likes to stay busy and doesn’t have any interests outside of work. On the whole, Margaret is not very introspective, and her attitude is grounded in practicality and matter-of-factness. She shows no interest in pursuing romantic or sexual relationships. In fact, such things seem almost foreign to her. According to her sister, Margaret is “mostly cordial” toward her neighbors. She says that Margaret does her thing, and they do theirs. Nevertheless, her bluntness and general demeanor can rub some people the wrong way. Personality disorders often affect a patient’s behavior, interpersonal relations, thoughts, and emotions. Which of the following best describes Margaret’s emotional state? Her emotional state is highly unstable and unpredictable. She is profoundly negative and has difficulty feeling good about anything. Her emotions are flat and border on being nonexistent. Diagnostic criteria checklist Some of the symptoms associated with various personality disorders are summarized as follows. In the Present column, indicate which symptoms are clearly present in Margaret’s case. Check all that apply. Symptom Shows no desire to form or maintain close interpersonal relationships Avoids social interactions due to perceived sense of inadequacy Fails or refuses to conform to social norms of lawful compliance Shows no pleasure in social or recreational activities Avoids unnecessary social interactions and relationships Explain your reasoning: Potential diagnosis Present According to the full diagnostic criteria listed by the DSM–5 for personality disorders (not just the symptoms highlighted in the previous question), Margaret appears to meet the criteria for a diagnosis of________________________. Explain your reasoning: Chapter 12 Personality Disorders Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Outline An Overview of Personality Disorders • Aspects of Personality Disorders • Cluster A Personality Disorders • Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal • Cluster B Personality Disorders • Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic • Cluster C Personality Disorders • Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Focus Questions • What are the essential features of personality disorders? • What are the features of odd or eccentric personality disorders? • What are the features of dramatic, emotional and erratic personality disorders? • What are the features of anxious or fearful personality disorders? Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. What are Personality Disorders? • A persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions, and behavior that results in enduring emotional distress for the person affected and/or for others and may cause difficulties with work and relationships Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders: An Overview (slide 1 of 2) • • • • • Enduring, inflexible predispositions Maladaptive, causing distress and/or impairment High comorbidity with other disorders Generally poor prognosis Ego-syntonic: Unlike other disorders, often feel consistent with one’s identity; patients don’t feel that treatment is necessary • 10 specific personality disorders organized into 3 clusters Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Categorical and Dimensional Models • “Kind” vs. “Degree” • Personality disorders have traditionally been assigned as all-or-nothing categories • DSM-5 retained categorical diagnoses but also introduced additional dimensional model of personality disorders • Dimensional model: Individuals are rated on the degree to which they exhibit various personality traits Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Categorical and Dimensional Models, Continued • Cross-cultural research establishes the universal nature of the five dimensions • Five factor model of personality (“Big Five”) • Openness to experience • Conscientiousness • Extraversion • Agreeableness • Neuroticism Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders: An Overview (slide 2 of 2) • DSM-5 personality disorder clusters • Cluster A – odd or eccentric cluster • Cluster B – dramatic, emotional, erratic cluster • Cluster C – fearful or anxious cluster Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders: Statistics • Prevalence of personality disorders • Affects about 10% of the general population • Origins and course of personality disorders • Thought to begin in childhood • Tend to run a chronic course if untreated • May transition into a different personality disorder Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders: Statistics, Continued • Gender distribution and gender bias in diagnosis • Men more often show traits like aggression and detachment; women more often show submission and insecurity • Antisocial – more often male • Histrionic – equal numbers of male and female • Comorbidity is the rule, not the exception • Often have two or more personality disorders or an additional mood or anxiety disorder Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Personality Disorders Under Study • Sadistic: Enjoy inflicting pain • Passive-aggressive: Defiant, undermine authority • Further research is needed Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. DSM-5 Personality Disorders • Cluster A = Odd or Eccentric • Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders • Cluster B = Dramatic or Erratic • Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders • Cluster C = Anxious or Fearful • Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Pervasive and unjustified mistrust and suspicion • Few meaningful relationships, sensitive to criticism • Poor quality of life Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder Causes • Causes • Not well understood • May involve early learning that people and the world are dangerous or deceptive • Cultural factors: more often found in people with experiences that lead to mistrust of other • Prisoners • Refugees • People with hearing impairments • Older adults Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder Treatment • Treatment options • Few seek professional help on their own • Treatment focuses on development of trust • Cognitive therapy to counter negativistic thinking • Lack of good outcome studies Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships • Very limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations • Significant overlap with Autism Spectrum • The causes • Etiology is unclear • Childhood shyness • Preference for social isolation resembles autism Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder Causes • Causes • Etiology is unclear due to scarcity of research • Childhood shyness is usually present • Some individuals experienced abuse or neglect in childhood • Preference for social isolation resembles autism Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder Treatment • Treatment options • Few seek professional help on their own • Focus on the value of interpersonal relationships • Building empathy and social skills • Lack of good outcome studies Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Behavior and dress is odd and unusual • Socially isolated and highly suspicious • Magical thinking, ideas of reference, and illusions • Many meet criteria for major depression • Some conceptualize this as resembling a milder form of schizophrenia Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Causes • Causes • Mild expression of schizophrenia genes? • May be more likely to develop after childhood maltreatment or trauma, especially in men • More generalized brain deficits may be present (e.g., problems with learning or memory) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Treatment • Treatment options • Address comorbid depression • Schizotypal personality disorder significantly increases the risk for developing major depressive disorder • Main focus is combination of antipsychotic medication, cognitive behavior therapy, and social skills training Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Antisocial Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Failure to comply with social norms • Violation of the rights of others • Irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful • Lack of a conscience, empathy, and remorse • “Sociopathy,” “psychopathy” typically refer to this disorder or very similar traits • May be very charming, interpersonally manipulative Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Criminality in Antisocial Psychopaths Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Antisocial Personality Disorder, Continued • Often show early histories of behavioral problems, including conduct disorder • “Callous-unemotional” type of conduct disorder more likely to evolve into antisocial PD • Families with inconsistent parental discipline and support • Families often have histories of criminal and violent behavior • Recent research suggests that psychopathy is a less reliable predictor of criminality Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Neurobiological Contributions to Antisocial Personality • Prevailing neurobiological theories • Underarousal hypothesis – cortical arousal is too low • Cortical immaturity hypothesis – cerebral cortex is not fully developed • Fearlessness hypothesis – fail to respond to danger cues • Gray’s model: Inhibition signals are outweighed by reward signals Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Development of Antisocial Personality • Genetic influences • More likely to develop antisocial behavior if parents have a history of antisocial behavior or criminality • Developmental influences • High-conflict childhood increases likelihood of APD in at-risk children Impaired fear conditioning • Children who develop APD may not adequately learn to fear aversive consequences of negative actions (e.g., punishment for setting fires) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Development of Antisocial Personality, Continued • Arousal theory • People with APD are chronically under-aroused and seek stimulation from the types of activities that would be too fearful or aversive for most • Psychological and social influences • In research studies, psychopaths are less likely to give up when goal becomes unattainable – may explain why they persist with behavior (e.g. crime) that is punished Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Development of Antisocial Personality, Part 3 • APD is the result of multiple interacting factors • Mutual biological-environmental influence • Early antisocial behavior alienates peers who would otherwise serve as corrective role models • Antisocial behavior and family stress mutually increase one another Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Treatment of Antisocial Personality • • • • • Few seek treatment on their own Antisocial behavior is predictive of poor prognosis Emphasis is placed on prevention and rehabilitation Often incarceration is the only viable alternative May need to focus on practical (or selfish) consequences (e.g., if you assault someone you’ll go to prison) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Unstable moods and relationships • Impulsivity, fear of abandonment, very poor self-image • Self-mutilation and suicidal gestures • Comorbidity rates are high with other mental disorders, particularly mood disorders Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder, Continued • Comorbid disorders • 80% borderline patients also have major depression; 10% are bipolar • Suicide attempts – 10% • 67% are diagnosed with at least one Substance Use Disorder • Eating disorders • 25% of bulimia patients have borderline personality disorder • 20% have anorexia Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder Causes • Causes • Strong genetic component • Also linked to depression genetically • High emotional reactivity may be inherited • May have impaired functioning of limbic system • Early trauma/abuse increase risk • Many BPD patients have high levels of shame and low self esteem Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder Causes, Continued • “Triple vulnerability” model of anxiety applies to borderline personality too • Results form the combination of: • generalized biological vulnerability (reactivity) • generalized psychological vulnerability (lash out when threatened) • specific psychological vulnerability (stressors that elicit borderline behavior) Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder Treatment • Treatment options – few good outcome studies • Antidepressant medications provide some shortterm relief • Dialectical behavior therapy is most promising treatment • Focus on dual reality of acceptance of difficulties and need for change • Focus on interpersonal effectiveness • Focus on distress tolerance to decrease reckless/self-harming behavior Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Histrionic Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Overly dramatic and sensational • May be sexually provocative • Often impulsive and need to be the center of attention • Thinking and emotions are perceived as shallow • More commonly diagnosed in females Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Histrionic Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes • Etiology unknown due to lack of research • Often co-occurs with antisocial PD • Feminine variant of antisocial traits? • Treatment options • Focus on attention seeking and long-term negative consequences • Targets may also include problematic interpersonal behaviors • Little evidence that treatment is effective Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Narcissistic Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Exaggerated and unreasonable sense of selfimportance • Preoccupation with receiving attention • Lack sensitivity and compassion for other people • Highly sensitive to criticism; envious and arrogant Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster B: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes are largely unknown • Failure to learn empathy as a child • Sociological view – product of the “me” generation • Treatment options • Focus on grandiosity, lack of empathy, unrealistic thinking • Emphasize realistic goals and coping skills for dealing with criticism • Little evidence that treatment is effective Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Avoidant Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Extreme sensitivity to the opinions of others • Highly avoidant of most interpersonal relationships • Interpersonally anxious and fearful of rejection • Low self esteem Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Avoidant Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes • May be linked to schizophrenia; occurs more often in relatives of people with schizophrenia • Experiences of early rejection • Childhood experiences of neglect, isolation, rejection, and conflict with others • Treatment • Similar to treatment for social phobia • Focus on social skills, entering anxiety-provoking situations • Good relationship with therapist is important Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Dependent Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Reliance on others to make major and minor life decisions • Unreasonable fear of abandonment • Clingy and submissive in interpersonal relationships Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Dependent Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes • Not well understood due to lack of research • Linked to early disruptions in learning independence • Treatment options • Research on treatment efficacy is lacking • Therapy typically progresses gradually due to lack of independence Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder • Overview and clinical features • Excessive and rigid fixation on doing things the right way • Highly perfectionistic, orderly, and emotionally shallow • Unwilling to delegate tasks because others will do them wrong • Difficulty with spontaneity • Often have interpersonal problems • Obsessions and compulsions are rare Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Causes and Treatment • Causes are not well known • Moderate genetic contribution • Treatment • Treatment targets include cognitive reappraisal techniques to reframe compulsive thoughts • Target rumination, procrastination, and feelings of inadequacy Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Summary of Personality Disorders • Long-standing patterns of behavior • Begin early in development and run a chronic course • Disagreement exists over how to categorize personality disorders • Categorical vs. dimensional, or some combination of both • For most, little is known about causes or treatment Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Personality Disorders: A Case Study
Mommie dearest: personality disorders.
Humans are very susceptible to qualities inside themselves. For example, a personality disorder is defined as “patterns of inflexible traits that disrupt social life or work and may distress the affected individual” (Rathus, 2010, p. 525). These traits may be highlighted in a person’s life and are a part of their personality. In addition, personality disorders effect your thoughts and behaviors. The academy award winning film Mommie Dearest, directed by Frank Perry, accurately portrays how the aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder and histrionic personality disorders can affect someone’s everyday life.
Tom Cruise: A Psychological Abnormality
A personality disorder is a psychological abnormality that is defined by the characteristics of being unusually extreme, very problematic, and a tendency to have behaviors that affect social relationships. In addition to these symptoms, an individual may be ego-syntonic, viewing everyone except themselves as the issue. These symptoms are diagnosed at an early age, and if found they will possibly affect them in early adulthood. Tom Cruise, a well- known Hollywood celebrity, can be classified as possessing a personality disorder.
Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde Personality Analysis
Personality is basically who you are, it is a sum total of your qualities, thoughts and principles. The book, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is supposed to be based on personality or, rather the division of personality, which is now known as a mental disease called dissociative identity disorder (DID). This book is supposed to be based on this, and has been thought so since the Victorian era (that is when the book was released). However I think that Hyde and Jekyll are the same personality.
Borderline Personality Disorders: A Personal Analysis
There is not one person in this world that doesn’t have their obstacles and disadvantages. It is what you do with them that helps you grow as an individual. I believe that obstacles can be turned into something good because they are all just challenges to be overcame.
Examples Of Existentialism In I Heart Huckabees
Every individual goes through different experiences that mold them into who they are. The combination of their genetic makeup, the environment in which an individual is exposed to, peers, culture, and many other factors determine who they are as an individual (Twenge & Campbell, 2016). This is also what is considered to be an individual’s personality. It is the greatest influence on how an individual will react in any given situation; not everyone will react the same in any situation. Personality is the recurring patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and feelings that can be seen across all situations and time (Twenge & Campbell, 2016, p. 6). If an individual’s personality includes being highly extraverted, then reactions and responses should be
Progression Of Eugenics
Early in our history, the societal notion of eugenics in reference to disability, a theory that lends to the belief that persons with disabilities will only give birth to babies with disabilities, spawned the practice of involuntary sterilization (Harader, Fullwood, & Hawthorne, 2009). The aim of the eugenics movement in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century was to prevent the degeneration of the white race (Stubblefield, 2007). Forcibly, many individuals with disabilities were sterilized in residences of institutions. American eugenics refers inter alia to compulsory sterilization laws adopted by over 30 states that led to more than 60,000 sterilizations of disabled
Narcissistic Personality Disorder Case Studies
The case study of Nick, paints the picture of a young African-American man whose larger than life personae seems to be in sharp contrast with the realities of his existence. An uncharacteristic moment of genuineness and vulnerability, in which he expressed his feelings of depression and past suicidal thoughts to his doctor, has opened the door for Nick to delve into his mental and emotional issues with a therapist. However, his false bravado and self-created grandiose image, will most likely impede his ability to accept the needed treatment and potentially diminish the likelihood for a positive prognosis. A thorough familiarity with his diagnoses, background, cultural influences, treatment history and motivation to fully engage in the process are needed to develop an effective treatment plan for this young man.
African American Culture And Identity
Each and every individual has their own novel character and culture. A "personality" is the picture that one anticipates out into the rest if the world and "culture" is the picture which one has of themselves. A man 's convictions and ethics are made up by culture and stay all through your whole life. Culture is the thing that made you the individual you are today and figures out who or what you relate yourself with. Your experience and childhood is the thing that separates you from other people on the grounds that nobody has been raised the same.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Personality disorders are conditions that are considered to cause patterns of abnormal behavior in person. A person suffering from the personality disorder is recognized through distressing symptoms which are ranging. However, borderline personality is a common and most frequent personality disorder which is considered to be a serious mental health disease. It is characterized by the range of pervasive patterns such as instability effect of regulation, interpersonal relationship conflicts, impulse control and self-image(Lien et al,2004).. However, this research paper develops an insight of an epidemiology study that highlights the etiology, incidence or prevalence and the secondary symptoms of borderline personality disorder.
Eysenck's Theory Of Personality Development
Personality is the way one behaves, thinks and feels. Theorists are interested to learn what shapes personality, what causes one to behave, think and feel the way one does. Different theorists have different beliefs in what causes these individual differences. These individual differences can be split into two categories, nature and nurture. Nature would be environment while nature would be the brain and the genes, also known as genotype. Genotypes would form phenotypes such as the physical appearance of one. Hans Eysenck believes that personalities are determined by genes. On the other hand, Jeffrey A. Gray believes that personality is because of the brain. A case study regarding an unfortunate accident involving a metal rod that pierced through the skull resulting in a change of personality. Could personality really be affected by the brain? This research essay would focus in the different causes of individual differences in personality.
The Most Important Person In My Life
A Personality is something people will always remember about you. You could have a funny personality or strict and anything inbetween. If I could give any examples of my personality it would include the words awkward, kind, and forgiving. These personality trates make me who I am. Another thing about personalities are the qualities that you possess. For example, my qualities are very close to my personality type. I have a kindness in me along with the forgiveness
Difference Between Urbanization And Mental Health
The appropriate treatment of mental disorders implies the rational use of pharmacological, psychological and psychosocial interventions in a clinically meaningful, balanced, and well-integrated way..
Case Study Borderline Personality Disorder
I believe that it would be most appropriate to diagnose Miss Diagnosis with Borderline Personality Disorder, Moderate Bulimia. Borderline Personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability across multiple domains in life, including interpersonal relationship, self-image, and affect. People who have this disorder make decisions in the moment with no prior thought or planning. They are very impulsive. Additionally, the have a strong fear of abandonment, which often leads to desperate attempts to keep people close and irrational reason for ending relationships before the person can get abandoned. They have interpersonal paranoia and, often, parasuicidal behavior. Their reasoning and logic is often very flawed and it seems that they are very black and white with no understanding of the gray area. Additionally, their
Reflection Of Personality Theory
Personality is defined as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual 's unique character. Personality theory is the approaches to understanding the “What”, “How” and “When” of characteristics and features that make up an individual 's personality. An insight into personality is important to understand the function of a person’s mind. By doing this you would be able to understand and observe your own psyche from an outside perspective, interact with others better and understand why they do what they do or predict how someone may react to something.
Reflection On Personality Development
This is an individual assignment. This assignment is for KMC1093 Personality Development course in order to pass the course. First of all, personality development is associated with psychological aspects which are included cognitive, behaviour and emotion. It is believed that everybody has their own way to interacting with the other people and with their social environment. There are three components in the nature of personality. The first component stated that the personality reflects individual differences. Every individual have its own characteristics. Second component is a statement that personality is consistent and enduring, and the last component claimed that personality can change. There are many factors can influence the personality development which are heredity, parental characteristic, person’s cohort, birth order, normative age-graded influences, normative history-graded influences, non-normative life events, culture, and normative socio cultural-graded influences.
More about Personality Disorders: A Case Study
Avoidant Personality Disorders Case Study
Avoidant personality disorder analysis.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, categorizes Avoidant Personality Disorder as a Cluster C personality disorder, and defines the disorder as, “a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Similarities Between Borderline And Narcissistic Personality Disorders
Personality disorder refers to a group of mental illnesses. People who suffer from personality disorders often have trouble dealing with everyday problems and situations. Although the cause for such illness is unknown, genes and childhood experiences may play a role (1). For our research paper we have chosen only two of the various disorders. Borderline and Narcissistic personality disorders.
Essay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
- 25 Works Cited
(Clark & Beck,2010) There is a “marked and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur” DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000, p.450) Social Phobics seem unable to assess friendly facial expressions. (Ballenger,2009) They have an enhanced vigilance to angry faces relative to happy and neutral faces. (Mogg,2004) This affects interpersonal functioning. (Joorman, 2006)
Personality Disorders : Borderline Personality Disorder
A personality disorder is characterized by a distinct pattern of behavior that does not meet normal standards of behavior within one’s culture. This pattern is ingrained as the norm to the person affected, and the characteristics of the affected person deviate markedly from societal standards (Hebblethwaite, 2009). The two main features that help to identify a personality disorder are chronic interpersonal difficulties and persons with one’s identity or sense of self (Livesly, 2001). Within this set of mental health disorders lie several other subsets, including one of the most prominent personality disorders - Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). BPD is a severe, long-lasting disorder that has an incidence of occurrence approximately equal to that of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia combined (Grant, Chou, Goldstein et al., 2008). BPD also puts those affected at risk for damage in many areas of their life if not properly diagnosed and treated, including personal relationships, school, work, and self-imagine. Furthermore, this disorder has a high co-morbidity with other disorders such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and social phobia, among many more (Hebblethwaite, 2009). Misdiagnosis of borderline personality disorder can have serious clinical implications. This paper looks to identify the risk factors associated with BPD, the affects on various aspects of the person’s life, treatments, and give recommendations as to how to properly identify and
Narcissistic, Antisocial, And Dependent Personality Disorders
Anti-social personality disorder (ASPD) is described as someone who lacks moral or ethical development is unable to follow correct methods of behavior, finds ways to be deceitful, has no qualms in shamelessly manipulating others and tended to have had behavioral problems as a child. According to the DSM-5 only individuals over 18 can be diagnosed with ASPD and the symptoms must have been shown prior to 15. ASPD can be confused with psychopathy and although they have some overlap they are different. ASPD places heavy emphasis on observable behaviors such as lying, getting into fights, or failing to honor financial obligations (Hooley, p.356). With psychopathy, more emphasis is paid to personality characteristics such as superficial charm, lack of empathy, and manipulativeness. It seems that no matter how you look at it ASPD is affected by genes and the environment. The effects and interactions of ASPD that was once seen as simply unidirectional- family to child is now being understood that the effects can be bi directional going both ways.
Case Study Zailckas
The DSM-5 defines avoidant personality disorder as “A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism… starting in early adulthood in many contexts” (Hyde 2017a). This is most evident in the passage where Zailckas explains her reasoning for avoiding her hall mates and roommate Wendi. She declares, “I don’t avoid you because I think I’m superior, I do it because I think I’m inferior. I do it because I think you don’t want me, and that lowliness is the reason that I drink, too” (p.
Borderline Personality Disorders Paper
4) Gunderson, J. G. (2011). Borderline personality disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(21), 2037-2042. Retrieved from https://ez.salem.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/869106178?accountid=13657
Explain The Three Main Clusters Of Personality Disorders
The three main clusters of personality disorders are odd and eccentric behavior, dramatic, emotional or erratic behavior, and anxious and fearful behavior. Cluster A, Odd and eccentric behavior are personality disorders characterized by social awkwardness and social withdrawal. These disorders show a stable pattern of remarkably unusual behavior and are commonly characterized by distorted thinking. An example is Paranoid Personality Disorder which is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of other people. Next cluster B is dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors and these disorders are characterized by shared problems with impulse control and emotional regulation. An example is Antisocial Personality Disorder which is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of other people that often manifests as hostility and/or aggression. Lastly, Cluster C is anxious and fearful behavior and these personality disorders are share a high level of anxiety and represent range of symptoms for abnormal manifestations of apprehensiveness, timid, or frightened behavior. An example is Avoidant Personality Disorder which is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and a hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. People with this disorder are intensely afraid that others will ridicule them, reject them, or criticize them.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder is a serious disorder experienced by many men and women every day. Although those inflicted by the disorder can
Case Studies On Social Anxiety
The avoidant behavior an individual uses creates a lack of a human relationship. The less a person develops a relationship with someone, the more alone they will be. Avoidant behaviors include most of the social anxiety characteristics such as, lack of eye contact, preferred aloneness, and inability to hold a conversation. Claire uses avoidant behaviors such as lack of eye contact and lack of ability to create a relationship with an individual, specifically her roommates. As demonstrated with Claire, she gets invited to social gathering but continues to decline. The more she declines the less her roommates are going to ask her to participate with them, thus the cycle of social
Antisocial Personality Disorder Research Paper
Antisocial personality disorder seems to be the underlying source of many other mental disorders. Maybe it is the result of the other disorders or maybe it is the beginning stage of them. Most would think an antisocial personality disorder would mean the person does not like to be in social atmospheres. This is true; however, the antisocial personality disorder is much, much more than just a personal attitude of I do not like other people or being in places with a lot of people socializing. It may not be so much they do not like being in these places; yet, more of they cannot be in these situations. The bad part of this disorder is there really being no real treatment and the few that do seek help and start therapy with medication typically
Understanding Personality Disorders Essay
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines personality disorders as a pattern of internal experience and behavior that greatly differs from what is normally expected in the person’s culture. They are also considered omnipresent and inflexible that is stable and causes both distress and impairment. Antisocial personality disorder is a severe disorder of personality. It is a disorder that helps compromise the dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders, also known as the Cluster B disorders. The Cluster B disorders are also composed of borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and histrionic personality disorder. The
Social Phobia And Social Anxiety Disorder Essay
Social Phobia, also called social anxiety disorder (SAD), is one of the most common, but misconstrued mental health problems in society. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), over 15 million adults suffer from the disorder. First appearing in the DSM-III as Social Phobia, and later in the DSM-IV as Social Anxiety Disorder, this newly established disorder denotes afflicting stress and anxiety associated with social situations (Zakri 677). According to James W. Jefferson, two forms of Social phobia exist: specific and generalized. Specific social phobia indicates anxiety limited to few performance situations, while generalized indicates anxiety in all social situations (Jefferson). Many people often interchangeably link this disorder to shyness––a personality trait. However, although they have striking similarities, the two are divergent. To begin with, SAD has an extensive etiology ranging from multiple factors. Furthermore, symptoms of various aspects accompany SAD. Moreover, SAD has detrimental impacts affecting quality of life. Lastly, SAD has numerous methods of treatment. Social Phobia is prevalent in both women and men beginning at the onset of puberty (ADAA).
Anxiety Disorders Research Paper
This type of Anxiety Disorder has a direct correlation relating to social situations. A person experiencing this disorder has a chronic fear of other people’s perceptions of them. They are especially likely to avoid any situation where they are being observed by others such as giving presentations or activities that must be performed in front of an audience, large or small. In extreme circumstances where social anxiety disorder exists, a person will avoid social situations all together and will become a “hermit” in their own individual abode. This disorder is impairing to one’s normal life functioning because it often affects a person’s ability to perform the essential duties in a work environment. It also deters them from engaging in typical conversations because the fear of being embarrassed or judged is so extreme (Fleming, 2012).
Essay On Anti-Social Personality Disorder
Imagine waking up in the morning, believing that one has the right to do what he wants and take what he can, from whomever and wherever. The day will be filled with callous, deceitful, violent, reckless and endangering acts to which one is immune to the pain others may suffer (Antisocial personality part 1, 2000). This is how a person with anti-social personality disorder behaves daily. In this paper, the topic of Anti-social personality disorder, its definitions, causes, symptoms, and treatments will be discussed.
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- Developmental psychology
Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case Study Presentation
Antisocial Personality Disorder has been on the spotlight. Clinicians have sought the basis of the condition. Various theories have attempted to demystify the causes of the APD, however, research developing around the root cause of the condition point out psychologically instigated problems as core causes of the disorder.
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Clinical and research has focused on establishing a specific parameter of the antisocial personality disorder. Early clinical accounts of what causes ‘antisocial personality disorder’ describe persons with the condition as people who cannot conform to social norms, especially morals and social values that form the disciplined civil society.
Antisocial Personality Disorder is best described as antisocial proclivity. Present conceptualizations of antisocial proclivity are presented in etiological theories that explain the context. This paper attempts to provide insight with regard to this condition, often referred to as psychopathic behavior. We achieve this through providing a detailed case study findings and a comprehensive literature review.
Introduction
Social behaviors have become very crucial in determining the outcome of values and future of our social economics. Psychological nomenclatures of behavior show that various psychological conditions provoke interest in on habits and mental health of people who fail to conform to moral and legal expectations of the society. Clinical approaches to such social conflicts describe these habits and conditions as psychological problems that are looked at from a psychological impairment perspective. Clinical approach explain that the behaviors of people whose habits ‘behaviors’ offend normative social culture and values derange and quell syptomatology that classify them as psychotic problems.
The actual diagnostic explanation depicts antisocial personality disorder as a behavior disorder denoting moral decadency. This does not suffice to provide comprehensive psych-medical explanation rather provide a societal view. However, a psychological approach provides a comprehensive rationale, describing antisocial personality disorder as aberrant, impulsiveness, and rage but not lacking reasoning capacity during when either of these psychosocial anomalies are triggered. As such, this can be best described as moral insanity from a literary perspective.
Clinicians who investigated this moral insanity have offered a mode definite explanation, citing this condition as possessed by individuals who are constitutionally deficient in moral faculties. Similar research conducted in 19th century found out that antisocial behavior was caused by organic constitutional elements. Those suffering from this condition assume that the organic factors have no prognosis for change and their deviant behavior is their reaction to the lack of chance of change of the social values and laws.
Literature dwelling on psychotic problem defines antisocial personality behavior as indicative of psychopathic personality. However, approaches that are more specific define antisocial personality disorder as a disposition to virtues. This disposition to antisocial personality disorder results from personal deficiencies and related psychological; anomalies (Stutker & Allain, 2002, p, 445).
Ann, a 32-year-old woman has little empathy for the feeling and wishes of other people. She has a great deal of charm, almost supernatural, which emanates from her desire to have a way. Ann has the ability to manipulate people into getting her way. Ann frequently violates the law and has behaviors that do not reflect good social values. Ann’s social history shows a pattern of frequent violation of her parent’s rules, and that she was always in trouble during her school days (Eisenman, 1993).
Ann, as mentioned earlier has no empathy for others feelings. She does not care about how people feel and what they want, rather likes to have own way. Ann exhibits a number of psychological impairment conditions. According to the diagnosis, Ann is suffering from a number of psychiatric conditions classified as DSM-IV. This condition is suspect of antisocial personality disorder. The diagnosis drew its facts from Ann’s development history. Ann, during her childhood was disobedient both at home and at school.
Today, Ann still has the same character. She has a conduct disorder, which has inhibited her development of a career, let a lone maintain a good job. This is blamed on her inability to respect others, an attempt to dominate and manipulate others to have her way, care about the needs of those she works with, and her failure to comply with terms and conditions of the workplace. Ann has consistently flouted the law both at work and in the society.
Ann needs counseling to arrest her problem. If this goes on, Ann will be unable to be acceptable in the society. She will be unable to progress in her life as a woman and fail to excel like a professional. This continuing pattern will certainly stop any meaningful development of her life. Serious counseling is required.
Literature Review
Meloy argues that antisocial personality disorder is one of the most reasonably diagnosed psychotic conditions but treatment of the condition is the most difficult since the condition is deeply manifested as a habit in the cohort. A large percentage of psychiatrists believe that this psychopathic problem is treatable. However, critical diagnosis is vital before any treatment is undertaken. Diagnosis helps determine the degree of psychopathy and this is critical in making the prognosis (Meloy, 2007, p, 1). According to Widiger, every person has his own manner of relating, thinking, and feeling in relation to those around him. These aspects of character are what denotes ones personality traits. If the personality traits become dysfunctional, they can warrant consequences such as antisocial personality disorder (Widiger, 2003, p, 131-135).
Diagnosis may vary depending on method and level of conversancy. The American psychiatric association’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders provides ten diagnosis procedures for personality disorder. The nomenclature is the most prominent for it provides a reliable solution to proper diagnosis of the disorder. However, Eisenman projects the diagnosis of psychopathic behavior as requiring a comprehensive diagnostics. He points out that most antisocial personality are completely sane individuals who are in good careers. This is where psychopathic personality is observed. Psychopathic refers to out of order character. It is a behavior indicative of little or no regard for the laws governing the society and the country.
People with this condition do reason and function normally. Their ability to behave in an inhumane behavior makes them bad for the society. The DSM-IV is one of the most common parameter of manifestation of the antisocial personality disorder. After antisocial personality disorder has been diagnosed, the cause of action in reference to treatment is based on level of seriousness. Meloy argues that if antisocial traits or behaviors are shown by history that do not meet the DSM-IV-TR threshold for the diagnosis, the severity of psychopathy should be determined by using the PCL-R or its corollary screening version (SV), the PCL-SV (Hart and Hare 1995).
Observations by clinicians show that low levels of severity are easy to treat while high levels of severity are very difficult to arrest. The level of psychodynamics and treatability of the patient is important to observe and this is easy to achieve by critically diagnosing all aspects of the action-oriented nature of the psychopath. Diagnosis should rule out head injury, neurological and neuropsychological impairments as causes of psychopathic behavior. Such injuries and conditions are the major causes of physical violence in the psychopath. This characters pathology should be carefully studied and his history properly investigated.
Meloy proposes various treatment methods by discussing various findings on general treatment and procedures. He however points out lack of any reliable method of treating antisocial personality disorder. There is no demonstrably effective treatment for antisocial personality disorder, only psychoanalysis and counseling is core in arresting the conditions.
However, many psychopaths will degenerate and slip back to previous behavior (recidivism), skill based and behavioral targeting methodologies are best to treat antisocial personality disorder. Hospitalization shows the lowest response level. Meloy explains that, a review of research on the treatment of antisocial personality disorder shows that psychopaths have a very poor response to hospitalizations, especially those diagnosed with severe antisocial personality disorder (Meloy, 2007, p, 4).
Discussion on treatment prognosis
Meloy singles out Hare and Schalings views about psychopathic thinking, that psychopathic criminals did not experience anxiety and worry. In comparison the criminals who are psychologically normal, the person suffering from a severe case of antisocial personality disorder, suffers no stress or anxiety. Anxiety is described as vital correlate of any successful mental health treatment. Clinicians argue that anxiety marks a capacity for internal psychological conditions as such, as the antisocial personality disorder manifests and the level increases; the anxiety level diminishes motivating the patient to be aggravative.
There are several treatment methods available and each is used depending on the level of psychopathy. Some methods like therapeutic nihilism are crude with the therapist doing what the cohort does to others. If he is mean and nagging, the therapist nags and becomes very mean to the patient. The objective is to stir a reaction to the men behavior and reverse the manifested behavior. As such, the patient’s character is forced to be a reagent to antisocial personality disorder. Incarcerations, normal counseling among other methods have been described as critical in treating psychopathy (Meloy, 2007, p, 4-10).
To treat Ann, counseling and using therapeutic nihilism is the best approach. Ann’s antisocial personality disorder shows a pattern of inability to respect people’s decisions. She likes bending rules to have her way. As such, if this is done to her in equal measure, while on the other hand, advice and propagation of habits is therapeutically introduced, Ann will react to seclusion by attempting to be friendly and obedient. She will try to evade doing negative things and will attempt to avoid doing things that irritate with a similar tenacity. Counseling will help her adapt to a new skillet, whereby, she does not subscribe to her antisocial personality, rather will focus on being positive.
Clinicians assume a psychopath may reach psychological maturity. However, this maybe facilitated using therapy. Proper diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder is crucial in identifying level of severity. The level of severity determines the method of treatment. However, there is no cure or actual treatment of the antisocial personality disorder. Only therapeutic and counseling methods have been proposed and used to treat and arrest cases.
Eisenman, R. (1993). An Anti-social personality disorder: case history of a never-incarcerated youth. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology , 9 (1). Web.
Hart S, Hare RD: (1989) Discriminant validity of the Psychopathy Checklist in a forensic psychiatric population. Psychological Assessment 1:211–218.
Hart S, Hare RD: (1995). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version. Toronto, ON, Multi Health Systems.
Meloy, R. (2007). Antisocial personality disorder. Forensis , 1 (1). Web.
Stutker, P, & Allain, A. (2002). Antisocial personality disorder. Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology. Web.
Widiger, T. (2003). Personality disorder diagnosis. World Psychiatry , 2 (3). Web.
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IMAGES
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Chapter 12 Case study 1 for personality disorders: Margaret X CASE SUMMARY Name: Margaret Age: 58 Sex: Female Family: Single Occupation: Self-employed, carpentry Presenting problem: Sister's concern Margaret has lived a relatively isolated existence ever since she graduated from high school and moved out.
The DSM-5 presents 10 different personality disorders, arranged by 3 clusters: "Cluster A, consisting of eccentric or odd characteristics seen in, paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal personality disorders, Cluster B disorders consists of dramatic, emotional, or erratic characteristics seen in, histrionic, antisocial, and borderline personality …
CASE SUMMARY Name: Margaret Age: 58 Sex: Female Family: Single Occupation: Self-employed, carpentry Presenting problem: Sister's concern: Margaret has lived a relatively isolated existence ever since she graduated from high school and moved out. Before that time, she didn't seem to fit in with her family very well.
Case Study : Margaret 1. What is the purpose of an assessment, such as the one Louise conducted with Margaret? The assessment was to gather information as well as identify and label Margaret's case. Categorizing how severe her problems were, what caused them, and how to appropriately treat it.
Case Study # 2: Personality Disorders - MargaretDirections: Use your knowledge of personality disorders to identify symptoms and provide a diagnosis based on the details presented in the case summary. CASE SUMMARY Name: Margaret Age: 58 Sex: Female Family: Single Occupation: Self-employed, carpentry Presenting problem: Sister's concern: Margaret has lived a relatively isolated existence ...
Some of the symptoms associated with various personality disorders are summarized as follows. In the Present column, indicate which symptoms are clearly present in Margaret's case. Check all that apply. -Maintains a solitary lifestyle, with few close interpersonal relationships -Avoids interactions with others, including extended family
Identify personality disorders in case studies Case Study: Latasha Latasha was a 20-year-old college student who lived in the dorms on campus. Classmates described Latasha as absent-minded and geeky because she didn't interact with others and rarely, if ever, engaged with classmates or professors in class.
Case study wk11 - Case Study, Chapter 18, Personality Disorders Frank, age 28, is engaged in ongoing - Studocu case study help case study, chapter 18, personality disorders frank, age 28, is engaged in ongoing supportive therapy through the outpatient clinic. he was Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home
Paranoid personality disorder. is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behaviour.
The main personality disorders include schizoid disorder and schizotypal disorders that involve detachment from others and a limited state of expression. The study will assess the practicability and usefulness of the treatment plan that has been developed for the patient in light of the personality disorders mentioned above.
Case Study # 2: Personality Disorders - Margaret Directions: Use your knowledge of personality disorders to identify symptoms and provide a diagnosis based on the details presented in the case summary. CASE SUMMARY Name: Margaret Age: 58 Sex: Female Family: Single Occupation: Self-employed, carpentry Presenting problem: Sister's concern:
Being a carpenter allows her to be intentionally rude and disrespectful because it fits with the general stereotype. Diagnostic criteria checklist Some of the symptoms associated with various personality disorders are summarized as follows. In the present column, indicate which symptoms are clearly present in Margaret's case. Check all that apply.
A personality disorder is a psychological abnormality that is defined by the characteristics of being unusually extreme, very problematic, and a tendency to have behaviors that affect social relationships. In addition to these symptoms, an individual may be ego-syntonic, viewing everyone except themselves as the issue.
Profiles in Psychopathology Personality Disorders . Case study 1 for personality disorders - Margaret . Case study 2 for personality disorders - Emmie . Mastery Training . Weekly Reflections and Questions - R & Q #5 3 4 . 13 ; 8 . 1 . 3 . 3 . 30 . 10 . Chapter 13 All Chapter 13 assignments are due on or before 12/11 at 11:59 p.m.
Part One Case-Studies of Multiple Personality Disorder . 1 The Case of Jenny Z (pp. 3-25) 1 The Case of Jenny Z ... Margaret was referred to me by a private-practice psychotherapist for diagnostic assessment for mpd and treatment recommendations. She was a thin, pale woman in her early twenties, with straight brown hair and a fearful, pinched ...
Avoidant personality disorder is a long standing pattern of a person shows feelings of being shy, sensitive to reject, or easily hurt (Rees & Pritchard, 2013). Avoidant personality disorder does not have a clear definition of the causes. According B.F Skinner, a person environment can shape behaviors through observational…show more content….
We will write a custom Presentation on Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case Study specifically for you. for only $11.00 $9.35/page. 808 certified writers online. Learn More. Clinical and research has focused on establishing a specific parameter of the antisocial personality disorder. Early clinical accounts of what causes 'antisocial ...